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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Murcott, Susan, SP.723 D-Lab: Disseminating Innovations for the Common Good, Spring 2007. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 11 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
D-Lab: Disseminating Innovations for the Common Good
Spring 2007
This human-powered vacuum pump was developed by SP.723 students on the Vac-Cast project for use in rural clinics. Using the pump, technicians can make a mold in sand around an amputated limb, to quickly and cheaply cast a fitted prosthesis. This technology won $7,500 funding in the '06-'07 MIT IDEAS Competition. (Image courtesy of Vac-Cast Project: Tess Veuthey, Goutam Reddy, Irina Azu, Maria Luckyanova, Aron Zingman, and Stephen Samouhos. Used with permission.)
Course Highlights
This course features a gallery of student projects, which were deployed in various communities during the summer of 2007. It also contains a full set of class discussion notes.
Course Description
Third in the trilogy of D-Lab courses, D-Lab III focuses on disseminating innovations among underserved communities, especially in developing countries. Students acquire skills related to building partnerships and piloting, financing, implementing, and scaling-up a selected innovation for the common good. The course is structured around MIT and outside competitions. Teams develop an idea, project or (social) business plan that is "ready to roll" by term's end. Course includes an on-line forum discussion board, student-led case studies and a final proposal or business plan for realizing your dream innovation.
Special Features
Technical Requirements
Special software is required to use some of the files in this course: .mp4, .rm.
Syllabus
D-Lab III is the third in the D-Lab trilogy of courses on "Development," "Design," and "Dissemination," focusing on disseminating innovations for the common good among underserved communities, especially in developing countries. Students acquire skills relating to building partnerships and piloting, financing, implementing, and scaling-up a selected innovation for the common good. The course is structured around MIT competitions: IDEAS, $100K, and Deshpande IdeasStream Innovation Showcase; and outside competitions: Ignite Clean Energy, Environmental Protection Agency P3: People, Prosperity and the Planet Student Design Competition for Sustainability, and World Bank Development Marketplace. The "theory" part of the course addresses diffusion of innovation, and the acquired "how-to" skills relate to building international collaborations and to piloting, implementing and scaling-up an innovation. The class draws lessons from success stories of social entrepreneurs, while also identifying challenges, unintended consequences and failures in implementing technologies, projects and policies. Topics include defining vision and strategy, social entrepreneurship, implementation models, mechanics of implementation, micro-financing, management and accounting, monitoring and evaluation, opportunities and challenges of targeting one's enterprise to developing country and "bottom of the pyramid" contexts. Students learn to "pitch" to potential backers and explore essential skill sets and tools that can support realization of their innovation. Assignments include an on-line forum discussion board, student-selected and led case study readings/class discussions, a honed, incrementally-improved, final proposal for realizing your dream innovation. Teams develop an idea, project or social business plan that is "ready to roll" by term's end.
Prerequisites
None
Main Text
[DOI] Rogers, Everett M. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. New York, NY: Free Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780743222099.
Case Studies
Yunus, Muhammad. Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle Against World Poverty. New York, NY: PublicAffairs/Perseus Books, 2003. ISBN: 9781586481988.
Prahalad, C. K. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty Through Profits. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780131877290.
Course Policies and Requirements
Commitment
Implementing an innovation is first and foremost about commitment (and passion). Moreover, this is a class where your work is potentially impacting the lives of people around the world, thus we expect an appropriate level of commitment.
Attendance
Regular attendance in class is essential and is expected of all students. Students missing a class meeting should contact the instructors to make up the work.
Course Units and Hours
This is a nine-unit class: Three hours a week will be spent in class and the remaining six hours will be spent working on assignments, readings, and most especially, developing your innovation and implementation plan.
Courtesy
Please ensure that your phones, computers, PDAs, music, and/or pagers are turned off during class.
Academic Honesty
Students in this course will work in teams to develop their innovation. However, individual assignments must be completed individually. Plagiarism, the use of writings or ideas of another as one's own, is unacceptable. Special care should be taken not to borrow and modify materials taken from the Internet or any electronic or printed source. Any student who violates this code of academic honesty will be cited immediately.
Late Work Policy
We do not accept late work.
Evaluation and Grading
Assignments that are submitted on time will be assigned a letter grade ranging from A to D, and following the grading guidelines of MIT's Academic Procedures and Institute Regulations.
Assignment weights will be determined collaboratively by the end of the 3rd Week of class, with the only qualification being that the two most heavily weighted assignments must not exceed 45% of the total course grade. (Preliminary weighting shown)
Grading criteria.
ACTIVITIES |
PERCENTAGES |
Participation |
30% |
Case study tutorial |
15% |
On-line discussion board |
15% |
Team project proposal/plan/presentation
IDEAS proposal
Executive summary/ies for $100K, Ignite, Deshpande, other (optional but encouraged for teams of multiple classmates)
IDEAs poster and other display for IDEAs judging session
Pitch
Final Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation
|
40% |
Participation
Active class participation is highly valued and graded. Class participation includes regular attendance in class and in planned meetings and events outside of class, involvement in class discussions, asking and answering questions in class, substantial participation in team exercises, team projects, and team presentations, leading one class case-study discussion during the semester and submitting reading reviews to the class online discussion forum board. Participation includes completing assigned reading and on-line discussion board on time, and being an active member of group discussions and team activities.
Case Study Tutorials
Students shall take turns leading one class in discussion of a selected case study. This will include the selection of the case, identification of quality readings (including not merely Web site URLs, but at least 1 peer-reviewed article and/or published article or selections from a book), preparation, in advance, of study questions and leading the class through presentation and engaged discussion. The reading assignment must be provided by the class leader at least 4 days prior to that class, so that students have time to read the assignment before class.
Class Online Discussion Forum Board
Students will be required to post a critical commentary based on weekly assigned readings to class online discussion forum. Commentaries are informal and will not be graded on grammar, spelling, etc., but should be clearly written and used to critically engage with the assigned materials. Commentaries can be short in length, for example, 1-2 paragraphs and should not exceed 500 words (around 1-2 pages, single spaced). Students are expected to submit their commentaries to the forum site by midnight on the evening (either Monday or Wednesday) of the day preceding the class for which readings are due. Students are expected to read each other's postings prior to class in order to prepare for the class discussion. Commentaries are expected on both the Instructor-assigned readings and the Case-Study readings.
Team Project
Working in groups, students will prepare a team project/proposal/ plan, an IDEAS Competition poster or other display materials, and a team final Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation and pitch on their innovation. Also a simulation/prototype/model may be constructed. We expect each team to select their innovation/idea during the 1st two weeks of class and form a team. Each team will select a unique topic and each individual must contribute substantially to the team project. We will assign a single grade to each team project and final presentation and teams comprised of multiple D-Lab III classmates are strongly encouraged to engage in multiple competitions. The IDEAS competition proposal is due one day before Ses #18 (e-copy mailed to Susan Murcott. The final Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation shall be submitted electronically and delivered in hardcopy to Susan Murcott no later than two days after Ses #25. However, teams are also be expected to meet earlier deadlines, based on the several MIT Competitions D-Lab III teams will enter (See accompanying schedule).
Group Presentations
Group presentations of up to 20 minutes in length will be scheduled during class times during the last week of classes. Please plan to develop a professional quality presentation and dress accordingly. You must use visual aid(s) in your presentation (such as Microsoft® PowerPoint®, slides, overheads, etc), and each individual in a team must participate in the presentation.
Final Exam
There will be no final exam. The team project is the final requirement.
Special Needs
Please advise the instructor early on of any special needs or disabilities so that appropriate accommodations can be made.
Competitions and Web sites
- IDEAS (All D-Lab III teams enter IDEAS competition as a minimum requirement)
- MIT $100K - Entrepreneurs for development track
- Deshpande Center IdeaStream
- Ignite Clean Energy
- World Bank Development Marketplace
- Environmental Protection Agency. "P3: People, Prosperity and the Planet Student Design Competition for Sustainability."
Feedback
This summary of the first year of D-Lab III, 2006, illustrates the success of students in applying the lessons taught in the course to contemporary global problems. (PDF)
Calendar
Course calendar.
SES # |
TOPICS |
KEY DATES |
1 |
Big ideas |
What's your big idea. Pitch it! |
2 |
Development entrepreneurship, $100K and IDEAS competitions |
2007 MIT $100K spring kickoff speaker: Micah Rosenbloom, COO/Co-founder, Brontes Technologies |
3 |
IDEAS competition, Deshpande Center for Innovation |
IDEAS generator dinner |
4 |
Team formation, meaning of "Development" and proposal outline |
1st spring deadline for initial IDEAS proposal due |
5 |
Co-evolutionary design for development |
|
6 |
Case study — Muhammad Yunus: Banker to the poor |
Submission deadline for $100K executive summary due one day after Ses #6 |
7 |
Case study — Muhammad Yunus - continued discussion |
Applications due — Deshpande IdeaStream Symposium |
8 |
Case study — Dr. Paul Farmer and Dr. Venkataswamy (Ali Alhassani) |
IGNITE clean energy executive summaries due one day before Ses #8 |
9 |
Theory |
|
10 |
IDEAS proposals review workshop |
|
11 |
Case study — participatory development and patent basics and confidentiality (Tamira Gunzburg) |
2nd spring deadline for initial IDEAS proposal due |
12 |
Case study — Ghana pottery and patents (cont.) (Jessica Lee) |
$100K semi-finalists announced |
13 |
Finance |
|
14 |
Case Study — making aid work (Angela Kilby), mixed income housing (Daniel Bergey) |
|
15 |
Finance (cont.) |
|
16 |
Case Study — rural energy in developing countries (Zehra Ali), eco-effectiveness (Tess Veuthey) |
|
17 |
IdeasStream conference and innovation showcase |
IdeaStream conference |
18 |
Monitoring and evaluation |
IDEAS competition final entries due one day before Ses #18 |
19 |
Case Study — total sanitation (Ibrahim Kanan) |
|
20 |
Technology for remediation of arsenic in drinking water |
|
21 |
Case study — human waste reuse (Xavier Gonzalez) |
IDEAS displays and judging session due one day before Ses #21 |
22 |
Social marketing |
IDEAS awards ceremony due one day before Ses #22 |
23 |
Case study — biogas in Nepal (Chris Tostado) |
|
24 |
Final presentations |
|
25 |
Final presentations (cont.) |
$100K awards ceremony due one day after Ses #25 |
|
|
|
Further Reading:
|
Readings
Main Text
[DOI] Rogers, Everett M. Diffusion of Innovations. 5th ed. New York, NY: Free Press, 2003. ISBN: 9780743222099.
Yunus, Muhammad. Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle Against World Poverty. New York, NY: PublicAffairs/Perseus Books, 2003. ISBN: 9781586481988.
Prahalad, C. K. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty Through Profits. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780131877290.
Course readings.
|
LEC #
|
TOPICS
|
READINGS
|
1
|
Big ideas
|
|
2
|
Development entrepreneurship, $100k and IDEAS competitions
|
DOI, chapter 1
|
3
|
IDEAS competition, Deshpande Center for Innovation
|
|
4
|
Team formation, meaning of "Development" and proposal outline
|
DOI, chapter 3
|
5
|
Co-evolutionary design for development
|
|
6
|
Case study — Muhammad Yunus (Susan Murcott)
|
Banker to the Poor - begin
|
7
|
Case study — Muhammad Yunus - continued discussion (Susan Murcott)
|
Banker to the Poor - finish
|
8
|
Case study — Dr. Paul Farmer and Dr. Venkataswamy (Ali Alhassani)
|
Kidder, Tracy. Mountains Beyond Mountains. New York, NY: Random House, 2003, chapters 1-4. ISBN: 9780375506161.
Partners in Health
|
9
|
Theory
|
DOI, chapters 4 and 5
|
10
|
IDEAS proposals review workshop
|
|
11
|
Case study — participatory development and patent basics and confidentiality (Tamira Gunzburg)
|
Reading Guide (PDF) (Courtesy Tamira Gunzburg. Used with permission.)
Chambers, Robert. "Participatory Rural Appraisal: Analysis of Experience." World Development 22 (1994): 1253-1268.
Participatory Learning and Action
Guijt, Irene, and Andrea Cornwall. "Critical Reflections on the Practice of PRA." PLA Notes, no. 24 (1995): 2-7.
Two Web sites that complement these readings:
Social Impact Assessment
Guidelines and Principles for Social Impact Assessment
|
12
|
Case study — Ghana pottery and patents (cont.) (Jessica Lee)
|
Browne, Angela W. "Appropriate Technology and the Dynamics of Village Industry: A Case Study of Pottery in Ghana." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 6 (1981): 313-323.
|
13
|
Finance
|
Massachusetts Technology Collaborative. "Meeting the Needs of Technology Entrepreneurs in Massachusetts." (PDF)
Boston Harbor Angels
Golden Seeds
|
14
|
Case study — making aid work (Angela Kilby)
|
Banerjee, Abhijit Vinayak. "Making Aid Work." Boston Review, 2006. (Also in Making Aid Work. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780262026154.)
URL responses to "Making Aid Work"
|
Case study — mixed income housing (Daniel Bergey)
|
Rosenbaum, James E., Linda K. Stroh, and Cathy A. Flynn. "Lake Parc Place: A Study of Mixed-Income Housing." Housing Policy Debate 9 (1998): 703-740.
Brophy, Paul C., and Rhonda N. Smith. "Mixed-Income Housing: Factors for Success." Cityscape 3 (1997): 3-31.
|
15
|
Finance (cont.)
|
Mauro Nunez links/project (PDF)
|
16
|
Case study — rural energy in developing countries (Zehra Ali)
|
Reddy, Amulya K. N. "Energy Technologies and Policies for Rural Development." Chapter 4 in Energy for Sustainable Development: A Policy Agenda. Edited by Thomas B. Johansson, Jose Goldemberg. New York, NY: UNDP, 2002. (PDF)#
Richards, Peter. "Renewable Development: New Strategies in Rural Electrification."
Williams, Neville. "Chasing the Sun Around the World."
Steinberg, Douglas, Heidi Rahn, and Andy Horsnell. "Igniting Innovation: A Thought Leaders Strategy Forum." Lemelson Foundation Report, 2005. (PDF) (Courtesy of The Lemelson Foundation. Used with permission.)
|
Case study — eco-efficiency (Tess Veuthey)
|
McDonough, William, and Michael Braungart. "Eco-Effectiveness." In Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. New York, NY: North Point Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780865475878.
|
17
|
IdeasStream conference
|
DOI, chapters 6 and 7
|
18
|
Monitoring and evaluation
|
Abdul Latif Jameen Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL)
Duflo, Esther. "Field Experiments in Development Economics." Chapter 13 in Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications, Ninth World Congress. Vol. 2. Edited by Richard Blundell, Whitney K. Newey, and Torsten Persson. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780521871532.
Duflo, Esther, Glennerster, Rachel, and Kremer, Michael. "Randomized Evaluations of Interventions in Social Science Delivery."
|
19
|
Case study — total sanitation (Ibrahim Kanan)
|
"Making Sanitation Work." Jal Manthan 7 (Rural Think Tank), (December 2002). The Water and Sanitation Program (PDF)#
Kar, Kamal. "Practical Guide to Triggering Community-Led Total Sanitation." Institute of Development Studies, 2005. (PDF) (Courtesy of Institute of Development Studies. Used with permission.)
"Igniting Change: Tackling the Sanitation Challenge." Jal Manthan 5 (Rural Think Tank) (April 2002). (PDF)#
|
20
|
Technology for remediation of arsenic in drinking water
|
DOI, chapters 8 and 9
|
21
|
Case study — human waste reuse (Xavier Gonzalez)
|
Reed, Bob, and Rod Shaw. "Using Human Waste." Technical Brief 63. Water and Environmental Health at London and Loughborough (WELL). (PDF)#
Adam, David. "Human Waste Used to Create Green Fuel." The Guardian, November 29, 2006.
Tarr, Joel A., et al. "Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932." Technology and Culture 25, no. 2 (April 1984): 226-63.
|
22
|
Social marketing
|
DOI, chapters 10 and 11
|
23
|
Case study — biogas in Nepal (Chris Tostado)
|
|
24
|
Final presentations
|
Entire class
|
25
|
Final presentations (cont.)
|
Entire class
|
|
|
Downloads:
|
1. Reading Guide
|
2. Massachusetts Technology Collaborative. "Meeting the Needs of Technology Entrepreneurs in Massachusetts."
|
3. Mauro Nunez links/project
|
4. Reddy, Amulya K. N. "Energy Technologies and Policies for Rural Development." Chapter 4 in Energy for Sustainable Development: A Policy Agenda. Edited by Thomas B. Johansson, Jose Goldemberg. New York, NY: UNDP, 2002
|
5. Steinberg, Douglas, Heidi Rahn, and Andy Horsnell. "Igniting Innovation: A Thought Leaders Strategy Forum." Lemelson Foundation Report, 2005
|
6. "Making Sanitation Work." Jal Manthan 7 (Rural Think Tank), (December 2002). The Water and Sanitation Program
|
7. Kar, Kamal. "Practical Guide to Triggering Community-Led Total Sanitation." Institute of Development Studies, 2005
|
8. "Igniting Change: Tackling the Sanitation Challenge." Jal Manthan 5 (Rural Think Tank) (April 2002).
|
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Webliography:
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Study Materials
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Alphabetical List of Available Course Resources
Bornstein, David. How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN: 9780195138054.
Chang, Ha-Joon, and Grabel Ilene. Reclaiming Development: An Alternative Economic Policy Manual. New York and London, NY: Zed Books, 2004. ISBN: 9781842772010.
Chang, Ha-Joon. Rethinking Development Economics. London, NY: Anthem Press, 2003. ISBN: 9781843311102.
———. Kicking Away the Ladder - Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London, NY: Anthem Press, 2002. ISBN: 9781843310273.
Ellerman, David. Helping People Help Themselves: From the World Bank to an Alternative Philosophy of Development Assistance. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780472031429.
Erlich, Paul, and Anne Erlich. One with Nineveh: Politics, Consumption and the Human Future. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2005. ISBN: 9781597260312.
Gallagher, K., ed. Putting Development First: The Importance of Policy Space in the WTO and IFIs. New York and London, NY: Zed Books, 2005. ISBN: 9781842776353.
Hart, Stuart L. Capitalism at the Crossroads. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing, 2005. ISBN: 9780131439870.
Lerner, Steve. EcoPioneers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998. ISBN: 9780262621243.
Max-Neef, M. A. From the Outside Looking in: Experiences in 'Barefoot Economics'. London. NY: Zed Books, 1992. ISBN: 9781856491884.
McDonough, William and Michael Braungart. The Hannover Principles: Design for Sustainability. William McDonnough + Partners and McDonnough Braumgart Design Chemistry, 2003.
———. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. New York, NY: North Point Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780865475878.
Nelson, Richard. National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN: 9780195076165.
———. The Sources of Economic Growth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000. ISBN: 9780674001725.
Oshinsky, David M. Polio: An American Story. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780195325966.
Prahalad, C. K., and G. Hamel. Competing for the Future. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780875847160.
Prugh, T., R. Costanza, and H. E. Daly. The Local Politics of Global Sustainability. Washington, DC: Island Press, 1999. ISBN: 9781559637442.
Quinn, Robert. Deep Change: Discovering the Leader Within. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc. Publishers, 1996. ISBN: 9780787902445.
———. Change the World: How Ordinary People Can Accomplish Extraordinary Results. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc. Publishers, 2000. ISBN: 9780787951931.
Rahman, Aminur. Women and Microcredit in Rural Bangladesh. Oxford, UK: Westview Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780813339306.
Sachs, Jeffrey. The End of Poverty. New York, NY: Penguin Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780143036586.
Sawhney, Nitin. PhD Thesis. Read chapters 1 and 5.
Schultze, Peter C. Engineering within Ecological Constraints. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998. ISBN: 9780309051989.
Sen, A., et al. The Standard of Living. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. ISBN: 9780521321013.
Specter, M. "What Money Can Buy." New Yorker, October 20, 2005.
Turner, Adair. Just Capital: The Liberal Economy. London, NY: Pan Books, 2001. ISBN: 9780330480239.
Von Weizsacker, Ernst, Amory Lovins, and Hunter Lovins. Factor Four: Doubling Wealth, Halving Resource Use. London, NY: Earthscan Publications, 1997. ISBN: 9781853834073.
Web and Other Resources
Acumen Fund
D-Lab III: Dissemination course site
Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid
Gates Foundation. Global Health.
Global Fund Brochure. 2005.
Global Fund. "Force for Change." 2004.
MIT IDEAS Competition and Timeline
MIT $100K Competition: Entrepreneurship for Development Prize
MIT Deshpande Center Idea Stream
New York University. Conference of Social Entrepreneurs: "Where Practice and Research Align." New York University, April 7-8, 2006.
Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). "The New Hero Their Bottom Line is Saving Lives." DVD 4-hour series hosted by Robert Redford.
Root Cause
Stanford Social Innovation Review
Business Association of Stanford Entrepreneurial Students
World Bank Development Marketplace
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