Natural Sciences > Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences > Marine Chemistry Seminar

Marine Chemistry Seminar posted by duggu on 1/31/2008

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Abstract/Syllabus

Courseware/Lectures

Test/Tutorials

Course Highlights

This course features an extensive reading list as well as sample student projects.

Course Description

Syllabus

Outline

The structure of the course is designed to have students acquire a broad understanding of the field of Marine Chemistry; to get a feel for experimental methodologies, the results that they have generated and the theoretical insights they have yielded to date. Each student is also responsible for chairing class discussions on one of the assigned readings. There are no exams.

Prerequisites

Marine Chemistry

Student Presentation

Each student is required to give a presentation on one of the papers covered in the class. The presentation should address the background of the paper as well as provide a non critical summary, critical evaluation, and discussion of the findings.

Grading

Students are assigned a pass or fail grade based on two factors: The quality of their presentations (as indicated by its comprehensiveness, critical evaluation of the assigned paper, and the students' skill in ascertaining the paper's significance), as well as the extent and quality of their participation in class discussions. Excellence in these two areas requires completion of assigned readings and regular attendance.

Calendar

Course calender.
SES #	TOPICS
1	The Ocean as a Chemical System
2	Hydrothermal Fluxes
3	Air-Sea Gas Exchange
4	Air-Sea Gas Exchange (cont.)
5	Radiocarbon and Carbon Fluxes
6	Microbial Loop, Redfield Ratio, and Primary Production
7	Vertical Fluxes
8	Nitrogen Cycle
9	Sediment Geochemistry
10	Sediment Geochemistry (cont.)
11	Oceans and Climate
12	Riverine Inputs
13	Long Term Global Nutrient Cycling

Readings

Course readings.
Ses #	Topics	Readings
1	The Ocean as a Chemical System	Garrels, R., and M. Thompson. "A Chemical Model for Seawater at 25 C and One Atmosphere Total Pressure." American Journal of Science 260 (1962): 57-66. Broecker, W. S. "A Kinetic Model for the Chemical Composition of Sea Water." Quaternary Research 1, no. 2: 188-207. Sillen, L. G. "The Ocean as A Chemical System." Science 156 (1967): 1189-1196. McDuff, R. E., and F. M. Morel. "The Geochemical Control of Seawater (Sillen revisited)." Environmental Science and Technology 24, no. 10: 1182-1186.
2	Hydrothermal Fluxes	Drever, J. I. "The Magnesium Problem." In The Sea. Vol. 5, Marine Chemistry. Edited by E. Goldberg. New York, NY: Wiley Interscience, 1974. Edmond, J. M., et al. "Ridge Crest Hydrothermal Activity and The Balances of the Major and Minor Elements in The Ocean: The Galapagos Data". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 46 (1979): 1-18. Mottl, M. J., and C. G. Wheat. "Hydrothermal Circulation Through Mid-ocean Ridge Flanks: Fluxes of Heat and Magnesium." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, no. 10: 2225-2237. Von Damm, K. L., et al. "Evolution of East Pacific Rise Hydrothermal Vent Fluids Following a Volcanic Eruption." Nature 375 (1995): 47-50. Michalopoulos, P., and R. C. Aller. "Rapid Clay Mineral Formation in Amazon Delta Sediments: Reverse Weathering and Oceanic Elemental Cycles." Science 270 (1995): 614-617.
3	Air-Sea Gas Exchange	Broecker, W. S., et al. "Isotopic Versus Micrometeorologic Ocean CO2 Fluxes: A Serious Conflict". Journal of Geophysical Research 91, no. C9: 517-527. Wanninkhof, R., and W. R. McGillis. "A Cubic Relationship Between Air-sea CO2 Exchange and Wind Speed". Geophysical Research Letters26, no. 13: 1889-1892.
4	Air-Sea Gas Exchange (cont.)	Liss, P. S., and L. Merlivat. "Air-sea Gas Exchange Rates: Introduction and Synthesis." In The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling.Edited by P. Buat-Menard. Proc. of ASI, Bombannes (France), 1985-1986, pp. 113-127 and 549. ISBN: 9027723184 pp. 113-127. McGillis, W. R., J. B. Edson, J. E. Hare, and C. W. Fairall. "Direct Covariance Air-sea CO2 Fluxes." Journal of Geophysical Research 106, no. C8: 16729-16745. Smith, S. D., and E. P. Jones. "Evidence for Wind-pumping of Air-sea Gas Exchange Based on Direct Measurements of CO2 Fluxes." Journal of Geophysical Research 90, no. C1: 869-875.
5	Radiocarbon and Carbon Fluxes	Stuiver, M., P. D. Quay, and H. G. Ostlund. "Abyssal Water Carbon-14 Distribution and the Age of the World Oceans." Science 219 (1983): 849-851. Siegenthaler, U., and J. L. Sarmiento. "Atmospheric Carbon dioxide and the Ocean." Nature 365 (1993): 119. Craig, H. Abyssal. "Carbon and Radiocarbon in the Pacific." Journal of Geophysical research 74, no. 23: 5491-5506. Revelle, R., and H. E. Suess. "Carbon dioxide Exchange Between Atmosphere and Ocean and the Question of an Increase of Atmospheric CO2 During the Past Decades." Tellus 9 (1957): 18-27.
6	Mircrobial Loop, Redfield Ratio, and Primary Production	Azam, F., et al. "The Ecological Role of Water-column Microbes in the Sea." Marine Ecology 10 (1983): 257-263. Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum, and F. A. Richards. "The Influence of Organisms on the Composition of Sea-water." In The Sea. Vol. 2, The Composition of Seawater. Edited by M. N. Hill. New York, NY: Wiley, pp. 26-77. Dugdale, R. C., and J. J. Goering. "Uptake of New and Regenerated Forms of Nitrogen in Primary Productivity." Limnology and Oceanography 12, no. 2: 196-206. Jenkins, W. J., and J. C. Goldman. "Seasonal Oxygen Cycling and Primary Production in the Sargasso Sea." Journal of Marine Research 43 (1985): 465-491.
7	Vertical Fluxes	Coale, K. H., and K. W. Bruland. "Oceanic Stratified Euphotic Zone as Elucidated by 234Th:238U Disequilibria." Limnology and Oceanography 32, no. 1: 189-200. Eppley, R. W., and B. J. Peterson. "Particulate Organic Matter Flux and Planktonic New Production in The Deep Ocean." Nature 282 (1979): 677-680. Martin, J. H., et al. "VERTEX:Carbon Cycling in the Northeast Pacific." Deep-Sea Research 34, no. 2: 267-285. McCave, I. N. "Vertical Flux of Particles in the Ocean." Deep-Sea Research 22 (1975): 491-502.
8	Nitrogen Cycle	Falkowski, P. G. "Evolution of the Nitrogen Cycle and its Influence on The Biological Sequestration of CO2 in the Ocean." Nature 387 (1997): 272-275. Codispoti, L. A., et al. "The Oceanic Fixed Nitrogen and Nitrous oxide Budgets: Moving Targets as we Enter the Anthropocene?" Scientia Marina 65 (Suppl. 2): 85-105. Gruber, N., and J. L. Sarmiento. "Global Patterns of Marine Nitrogen Fixation and Denitrification." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 11, no. 2: 235-266. Codispoti, L. A., and J. P. Christensen. "Nitrification, Denitrification and Nitrous oxide Cycling in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific Ocean." Marine Chemistry 16 (1985): 277-300. Devol, A. H. "Direct Measurement of Nitrogen Gas Fluxes from Continental Shelf Sediments." Nature 349 (1991): 319-321.
9	Sediment Geochemistry	Emerson, S., and M. Bender. "Carbon Fluxes at the Sediment Water Interface of the Deep-sea: Calcium carbonate Preservation." Journal of Marine Research 39, no. 1: 139-161. Westrich, J. T., and R. A. Berner. "The Role of Sedimentary Organic Matter in Bacterial Sulfate Reduction: The G Model Tested." Limnology and Oceanography 29, no. 2: 236-249.
10	Sediment Geochemistry (cont.)	Froelich, P. N., et al. "Early Oxidation of Organic matter in pelagic Sediments of the Eastern Equitorial Atlantic: Suboxic Diagenesis." Geochemica and Cosmochemica Acto 43 (1979): 1075-1080.
11	Oceans and Climate	Sigman, D. M., and E. A. Boyle. "Glacial/Interglacial Variations in Atmospheric Carbon dioxide." Nature 407 (2000): 859-869. Jouzel, J., et al. "Vostok Ice Core: A continuous Isotope Temperature Record over the last Climatic Cycle (160,000 years)." Nature 329 (1987): 403-408. Hays, J. D., J. Imbrie, and N. J. Shackleton. "Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages." Science 194 (1976): 1121-1132. Broecker, W. S., and G. H. Denton. "The Role of Ocean-Atmosphere Reorganizations in Glacial Cycles." Geochimica et Cosmochemica Acta 53, no. 10: 2465-2501.
12	Riverine Inputs	Sholkovitz, E. R. "Flocculation of Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Matter During the Mixing of River Water and Seawater." Geochimica et Cosmochemica Acta 40 (1976): 831-845. Keil, R. G., et al. "Loss of Organic Matter from Riverine Particles in Deltas." Geochimica et Cosmochemica Acta 61, no. 7: 1507-1511. Boyle, E. A., J. M. Edmond, and E. R. Sholkovitz. "The Mechanism of Iron Removal in Estuaries." Geochimica et Cosmochemica Acta 41 (1977): 1313-1324. Krauskoff, K. B. "Factors Controlling the Concentrations of Thirteen Rare Metals in Sea-water." Geochimica et Cosmochemica Acta 9 (1956): 1-32.
13	Long Term Global Nutrient Cycling	Van Cappellen, P., and E. D. Ingall. "Redox Stabilization of the Atmosphere and Oceans by Phosphorus-Limited Marine Productivity." Science 271 (1996): 493-496. Canfield, D. E., K. S. Habicht, and B. Thamdrup. "The Archean Sulfur Cycle and The Early History of Atmosphereic Oxygen." Science 288 (2000): 658-661. Des Marais, D. J., H. Strauss, R. E. Summons, and J. M. Hayes. "Carbon Isotope Evidence for the Stepwise Oxidation of the Protozoic Environment." Nature 359 (1992): 605-609. Garrels, R. M., and E. A. Perry. "Cycling of Carbon, Sulfur, and Oxygen through Geologic Time." In The Sea. Edited by E. Goldberg. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1974, pp. 303-336.