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Abstract/Syllabus:

Lewin, Walter, 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 09 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA

8.02 Electricity and Magnetism

Spring 2002

Professor Walter Lewin photographed during a demonstration, bouncing a balloon between his head and a small Van de Graaff generator.
Professor Walter Lewin photographed during a demonstration bouncing a balloon (sprayed with conducting paint) between his head and a small Van de Graaff generator. This demonstration can be viewed on the video of Lecture #2. (Image courtesy of Markos Hankin, MIT Physics Department Lecture Demonstration Group.)

Course Highlights

8.02 is a second-semester freshman physics class in electromagnetism. The website features lecture notes, problem sets with solutions, exams with solutions, links to related resources, and a complete set of videotaped lectures. The 36 video lectures on Electricity and Magnetism, by Professor Lewin, were recorded on the MIT campus during the Spring of 2002. Prof. Lewin is well-known at MIT and beyond for his dynamic and engaging lecture style.

» Participate in the online discussion group for this course.

Course Description

8.02 Classical Theory of Electromagnetism. In addition to the basic concepts of Electromagnetism, a vast variety of interesting topics are covered in this course: Lightning, Pacemakers, Electric Shock Treatment, Electrocardiograms, Metal Detectors, Musical Instruments, Magnetic Levitation, Bullet Trains, Electric Motors, Radios, TV, Car Coils, Superconductivity, Aurora Borealis, Rainbows, Radio Telescopes, Interferometers, Particle Accelerators (a.k.a. Atom Smashers or Colliders), Mass Spectrometers, Red Sunsets, Blue Skies, Haloes around Sun and Moon, Color Perception, Doppler Effect, Big-Bang Cosmology.

There is a build-your-own-motor contest as part of this course (see Calendar).

OpenCourseWare presents another version of 8.02T: Electricity and Magnetism.

OpenCourseWare also presents Professor Lewin's freshman physics course series 8.01 – Newtonian Mechanics - with a complete set of 35 video lectures from the Fall of 1999 and 8.03 - Vibrations and Waves  - with a complete set of 23 video lectures from the Fall of 2004.

Special Features

Syllabus

 
8.02 Classical Theory of Electromagnetism. In addition to the basic concepts of Electromagnetism, a vast variety of interesting topics are covered in this course: Lightning, Pacemakers, Electric Shock Treatment, Electrocardiograms, Metal Detectors, Musical Instruments, Magnetic Levitation, Bullet Trains, Electric Motors, Radios, TV, Car Coils, Superconductivity, Aurora Borealis, Rainbows, Radio Telescopes, Interferometers, Particle Accelerators (a.k.a. Atom Smashers or Colliders), Mass Spectrometers, Red Sunsets, Blue Skies, Haloes around Sun and Moon, Color Perception, Doppler Effect, Big-Bang Cosmology.

There is a build-your-own-motor contest as part of this course (see Calendar).

Textbook

Giancoli, D. C. Physics for Scientists & Engineers. Vol. 2. Prentice Hall.

------. The Study Guide and Student Solutions Manual. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall.

Lectures - Homework - Solutions - Exams - Quizzes - Grades

There will be 36 lectures, 10 problem sets, 3 exams during regular lecture hours, and a 3-hour final. Weekly 15-minute quizzes will be given in recitations. During exams, I expect you to know all material covered in (i) the lectures, (ii) the reading assignments, (iii) the problem sets and (iv) recitations. When the need arises, Lecture Supplements (Lecture Notes) will be made available.

Please hand in your homework on the due dates before 4 PM. Three problems, randomly chosen, will be graded. Solutions will be made available on the day after the due dates.

The homework counts for 10%, the weekly quizzes for 15%, each exam for 15%, and the final exam counts for 30% of your course grade.

There will be no make-up exams!

A missed homework, quiz or exam counts as a zero. Only in case of verifiable illness can you be excused from taking one of the 3 exams. If at all possible, this should be done before the exam.
  

Recitations

There are 28 recitation sections. If for any reason you want to change section, please see the Course Manager; she will accommodate you as much as possible.

Calendar

 

                 
  LEC #       TOPICS       READINGS       LECTURE NOTES       ASSIGNMENTS  
                 
                 
  1       What holds our world together? Electric Charges (Historical), Polarization, Electric Force, Coulomb's Law       Chap. 21 through Sect. 21-5                  
                 
                 
  2       Electric Field, Field Lines, Superposition, Inductive Charging, Dipoles, Induced Dipoles       Sect. 21-6 through 21-11                  
                 
                 
  3       Electric Flux, Gauss's Law, Examples       All of Chap. 22                  
                 
                 
  4       Electrostatic Potential, Electric Energy, eV, Conservative Field, Equipotential Surfaces       Chap. 23 through Sect. 23-8                  
                 
                 
  5       E = -grad V, More on Equipotential Surfaces, Conductors, Electrostatic Shielding (Faraday Cage)       Sect. 23-5 & 23-7               Problem Set #1 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  6       High-Voltage Breakdown, Lightning,
Sparks - St Elmo's Fire (Take Notes in Lecture)
      P. 591, P. 596, Example 23-5, P. 643, Example 25-9                  
                 
                 
  7       Capacitance, Field Energy       Chap. 24 through Sect. 24-4       Lecture Notes (PDF)          
                 
                 
  8       Polarization, Dielectrics,
The Van de Graaff, More on Capacitors
      Lecture Supplement

Sect. 24-5 & 24-6 & P. 1115
      Lecture Notes (PDF)       Problem Set #2 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  9       Currents, Resistivity, Ohm's Law       Chap. 25 through Sect. 25-4                  
                 
                 
  10       Batteries, EMF, Energy Conservation, Power, Kirchhoff's Rules, Circuits, Kelvin Water Dropper       Sect. 25-5 through 25-8, Chap. 26 through Sect. 26-3, Take Notes                  
                 
                 
  11       Magnetic Field, Lorentz Force, Torques, Electric Motors (DC),  Oscilloscope       Chap. 27 through Sect. 27-7

Hand out Motor Kits


Sect. 23-9
      Lecture Notes (PDF)       Problem Set #3 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  12       Review Exam 1 (Secret Top!)                          
                 
                 
          Exam 1
Covering the first 3 Assignments, and all material covered in Reading Assignments and in Lectures through Lecture #10
                         
                 
                 
  13       Moving Charges in B-fields, Cyclotron, Synchrotron, Mass Spectrometer, Cloud Chamber       Sect. 27-8 & 27-9       Lecture Notes (PDF)          
                 
                 
  14       Biot-Savart Law, Gauss' Law for Magnetic Fields, Revisit the "Leyden Jar", High-Voltage Power Lines       Chap. 28 through Sect. 28-3, Sect. 28-6, 29-6 & 32-2                  
                 
                 
  15       Ampere's Law, Solenoids, Revisit the Kelvin Water Dropper, Midterm Evaluation       Sect. 28-4, 28-5 & 28-8

Take Notes
      Lecture Notes (PDF)          
                 
                 
  16       Electromagnetic Induction, Faraday's Law, Lenz Law, Complete Breakdown of Intuition, Non-Conservative Fields       Chap. 29 through Sect. 29-4, Sect. 29-7 & 29-8

Lecture Supplement
      Lecture Notes (PDF)       Problem Set #4 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  17       Motional EMF, Dynamos, Eddy Currents, Magnetic Braking       Sect. 29-3, 29-4, 29-5 & 29-8                  
                 
                 
  18       Displacement Current (Difficult Concept), Synchronous Motors, Induction Motors, Secret Top, How does it work?       Sect. 32-1, Sect. 27-6 & 31-8                  
                 
                 
  19       Vacation Special

How do magicians levitate women? (with demo)

Electric Shock Treatment (no demo)

Electrocardiogram (with demo) - Pacemakers

Superconductivity (with demo)- Levitating Bullet Trains

Aurora Borealis

      Sect. 25-10
P. 606

Sect. 25-9
P. 694 (apod Dec 3, 2001)
              Problem Set #5 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  20       Inductance, RL Circuits, Magnetic Field Energy       Chap. 30 through Sect. 30-4, Lecture Supplement (JB)       Lecture Notes (PDF)

Lecture Notes(PDF)
         
                 
                 
          Due Date of Motor! (April 2)

Testing 1-5 PM
                         
                 
                 
  21       Magnetic Materials, Dia-, Para-, and Ferromagnetism, Prize Ceremony of Motor Contest       Sect. 28-8, 28-9, 28-10       Lecture Notes (PDF)          
                 
                 
  22       Hysteresis, Electromagnets, Bohr Magneton
Maxwell's Equations
600 Daffodils
      Sect. 28-8 & 28-9, Sect. 32-3 & 40-7       Lecture Notes (PDF)       Problem Set #6 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  23       Review Exam 2               Lecture Notes (PDF)          
                 
                 
          Exam 2
Covering Assignments 4, 5 & 6, and all material covered in Reading Assignments and in Lectures through Lect #20
                         
                 
                 
  24       Transformers, Car Coils, RC Circuits       Sect. 26-4, 26-5 & 29-6                  
                 
                 
  25       Driven LRC Circuits, Resonance, Metal Detectors (Beach/Airport)       Chap. 31 through Sect. 31-6       Lecture Notes (PDF)

Lecture Notes (PDF)
      Problem Set #7 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  26       Traveling Waves, Standing Waves

Musical Instruments
      Giancoli (Vol. I) Chap. 15 through Sect. 15-9       Lecture Notes (PDF)          
                 
                 
  27       Resonance, Destructive Resonance, Electromagnetic Waves, Speed of Light,
Radio, TV, Distance Determinations using Radar and Lasers
      Sect. 31-6, Chap. 32 through Sect. 32-9       Lecture Notes (PDF)          
                 
                 
  28       Index of Refraction, Poynting Vector,
Oscillating Charges, Radiation Pressure, Comet Tails, Polarization (Linear, Elliptical, and Circular)
      Sect. 32-7 & 32-8,
Chap. 33 through Sect. 33-2, Sect. 36-11
              Problem Set #8 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  29       Snell's Law, Refraction, Total Reflection, Dispersion, Prisms, Huygen's Principle,
The Illusion of Color, The Weird Benham Top, Land's Famous Demo
      Sect. 33-5, 33-6 & 33-7, Chap. 35 through Sect. 35-2       Lecture Notes (PDF)

Lecture Notes (PDF)
         
                 
                 
  30       Polarizers, Malus's Law, Brewster Angle, Polarization by Reflection and Scattering, Why is the sky blue, Why are sunsets red?

The sun will set in the lecture hall!
      Handout Optics Kits

Sect. 36-11 & 36-12

Take Notes
                 
                 
                 
  31       Rainbows (Take Notes)

A Modest Rainbow will appear in the lecture hall!

Fog Bows, Supernumerary Bows, Polarization of the Bows, Haloes around the Sun and Moon, Coronae, Glories, Mock Suns (Sun Dogs)
      Bring a friend, this lecture may also be appreciated by non 8.02 "experts". Sect. 33-6       Lecture Notes (PDF)

Lecture Notes (PDF)
      Problem Set #9 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  32       Review Exam 3               Lecture Notes (PDF)          
                 
                 
          Exam 3
Covering Assignments 7, 8 & 9, and all material covered in Reading Assignments and in Lectures through Lect #29
                         
                 
                 
  33       Double-Slit Interference, Interferometers       Sect. 35-3 through Sect. 35-5, Sect. 35-7                  
                 
                 
  34       Gratings, Resolving Power, Single-Slit Diffraction, Angular Resolution, Human Eye - Telescopes       Chap. 36 through Sect. 36-8               Problem Set #10 (PDF)  
                 
                 
  35       Doppler Effect, The Big Bang, Cosmology       Sect. 16.7 (Vol. 1) & 37-12. Take Notes!                  
                 
                 
  36       Farewell Special       Bring a friend                  
                 

Text Books:

Giancoli, D. C. Physics for Scientists & Engineers. Vol. 2. Prentice Hall.

------. The Study Guide and Student Solutions Manual. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall.

Video Lectures

 

RealOne™ Player software is required to run the .rm files in this section. Learn how to save the RealPlayer video files to a disk or to your hard drive.

 

 

Professor LewinThe Muses
The charming MIT Muses surprise Walter Lewin during
his last lecture, #36. (Photo by Markos Hankin,
MIT Physics
Department Lecture Demonstration Group. Used with permission
of The Muses, MIT's all-women's a cappella group.)

These files are also available for download from iTunes® and YouTube™.

 

Lecture #1
What holds our world together?
Electric Charges (Historical)
Polarization
Electric Force
Coulomb's Law
Recorded on 02/06/02  (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #19:
Vacation Special
How do Magicians levitate women? (with demo)
Electric Shock Treatment (no demo)
Electrocardiogram (with demo)
Pacemakers
Superconductivity (with demo)
Levitating Bullet Trains
Aurora Borealis
Recorded on 03/22/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #2
Electric Field
Field Lines
Superposition
Inductive Charging
Dipoles
Induced Dipoles
Recorded on 02/08/02
  (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #20:
Inductance
RL Circuits
Magnetic Field Energy
Recorded on 04/01/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #3
Electric Flux
Gauss's Law
Examples
Recorded on 02/11/02
  (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #21:
Magnetic Materials
Dia-, Para-, and Ferromagnetism
Prize Ceremony of Motor Contest
Recorded on 04/03/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #4
Electrostatic Potential
Electric Energy
eV
Conservative Field
Equipotential Surfaces
Recorded on 02/13/02
  (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #22:
Hysteresis
Electromagnets
Bohr Magneton
Maxwell's Equations
600 daffodils

Recorded on 04/05/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)

Lecture #5
E = -grad V
More on Equipotential Surfaces
Conductors
Electrostatic Shielding (Faraday Cage)
Recorded on 02/15/02 
  (56k)|(80K)|(220k)

Lecture #23:
Review Exam 2
Recorded on 04/08/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #6
High-Voltage Breakdown
Lightning
Sparks - St. Elmo's Fire
Recorded on 02/19/02
  (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #24:
Transformers
Car Coils
RC Circuits
Recorded on 04/12/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #7
Capacitance
Field Energy
Recorded on 02/20/02
 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #25:
Driven LRC Circuits
Resonance
Metal Detectors (Beach/Airport)
Recorded on 04/15/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #8:
Polarization
Dielectrics
The Van de Graaff
More on Capacitors
Recorded on 02/22/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #26:
Traveling Waves
Standing Waves
Musical Instruments
Recorded on 04/19/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #9:
Currents
Resistivity
Ohm's Law
Recorded on 02/25/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #27:
Resonance
Destructive Resonance
Electromagnetic Waves
Speed of Light
Radio - TV
Distance Determinations using Radar and Lasers

Information about the Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bridge/tacoma3.html
http://www.ketchum.org/bridgecollapse.html
Recorded on 04/22/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #10:
Batteries
EMF
Energy Conservation
Power
Kirchhoff's Rules
Circuits
Kelvin Water Dropper
Recorded on 02/27/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #28:
Index of Refraction
Poynting Vector
Oscillating Charges
Radiation Pressure
Comet Tails
Polarization (Linear, Elliptical, and Circular)
Recorded on 04/24/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #11:
Magnetic field
Lorentz Force
Torques
Electric Motors (DC)
Oscilloscope
Recorded on 03/01/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #29:
Snell's Law
Refraction
Total Reflection
Dispersion
Prisms
Huygens's Principle
The Illusion of Color
The Weird Benham Top
Land's Famous Demo
Recorded on 04/26/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #12:
Review Exam 1 (Secret Top!)
Recorded on 03/04/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #30:
Polarizers
Malus's Law
Brewster Angle
Polarization by Reflection and Scattering
Why is the sky blue? Why are sunsets red?
The sun will set in the lecture hall!
Recorded on 04/29/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)

Lecture #13:
Moving Charges in B-fields
Cyclotron
Synchrotron
Mass Spectrometer
Cloud Chamber
Recorded on 03/08/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)

Lecture #31:
Rainbows
A modest rainbow will appear in the lecture hall!
Fog Bows
Supernumerary Bows
Polarization of the Bows
Halos around the Sun and the Moon
Mock Suns
Recorded on 05/01/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #14:
Biot-Savart Law
Gauss' Law for Magnetic Fields
Revisit the "Leyden Jar"
High-Voltage Power Lines
Recorded on 03/11/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #32:
Review Exam 3
Recorded on 05/03/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #15:
Ampere's Law
Solenoids
Revisit the Kelvin Water Dropper
Midterm Evaluation
Recorded on 03/13/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #33:
Double-Slit Interference
Interferometers
Recorded on 05/08/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #16:
Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday's Law
Lenz Law
Complete Breakdown of Intuition
Non-Conservative Fields
Recorded on 03/15/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #34:
Gratings
Resolving Power
Single-Slit Diffraction
Angular Resolution
Human Eye
Telescopes
Recorded on 05/10/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #17:
Motional EMF
Dynamos
Eddy Currents
Magnetic Braking
Recorded on 03/18/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #35:
Doppler Effect
The Big Bang
Cosmology
Recorded on 05/13/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)
Lecture #18:
Displacement Current (Difficult Concept)
Synchronous Motors
Induction Motors
Secret Top, How does it work?
Recorded on 03/20/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)

Lecture #36
Farewell Special
Bring a Friend!

Recorded on 05/15/02 (56k)|(80K)|(220k)

Lecture Notes

 
 
Lec #7 - Capacitance of Spheres (PDF)

Lec #8 - Dielectrics and Polarization (PDF)

Lec #11 - Build Your Own Electric Motor - Have Fun, and Earn Extra Credit (PDF)

Lec #13 - Circular motion of Protons and Electrons - Particle Accelerators (PDF)

Lec #15 - Mid-term Evaluation Form (PDF)

Lec #16 - Non-conservative Fields - Do Not Trust Your Intuition (PDF)

Lec #20 - Lecture Notes

  • Faraday's Law - Most Physics College Books have it WRONG! (PDF)
  • Driven L-R Circuits (PDF)

Lec #21 - Magnetic Materials (PDF)

Lec #22 - Maxwell's Equations! (PDF)

Lec #23 - Exam 2 Review - Topics (PDF)

Lec #25 - Lecture Notes

  • Driven L-R-C Circuits I (PDF)
  • Driven L-R-C Circuits II (PDF)

Lec #26 - Oscillating Sound Cavities - Fundamentals of Wind Instruments (PDF)

Lec #27 - Travelling Electromagnetic Waves (PDF)

Lec #29 - Lecture Notes

  • Speed of EM Waves in Matter - Index of Refraction (PDF)
  • Color-Wavelength Chart (PDF)

Lec #31 - Lecture Notes

  • 15 Questions about Rainbows (PDF)
  • Key Angles for the Primary Rainbow (PDF)

Lec #32 - Exam 3 Review - Topics (PDF)




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