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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Hemond, Harold, and Janet Chuang, 1.725J Chemicals in the Environment: Fate and Transport, Fall 2004. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 08 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Chemicals in the Environment: Fate and Transport
Fall 2004
A simplified diagram of the tropospheric chemical system. (Image courtesy of Academic Press: Figure 4-34 in Hemond, H. F., and E. J. Fechner. Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment. 2nd edition, 2000.)
Course Highlights
This course features a complete set of lecture notes and assignments.
Course Description
This core class in the Environmental M.Eng. program is for all students interested in the behavior of chemicals in the environment. The emphasis is on man-made chemicals; their movement through water, air, and soil; and their eventual fate. Physical transport, as well as chemical and biological sources and sinks, are discussed. Linkages to health effects, sources and control, and policy aspects are discussed and debated.
Syllabus
Course Overview
This course is designed to give students an understanding of processes that govern the behavior of both hazardous and naturally-occurring substances in the environment. The subject includes aspects of intermedia transport, surface and groundwater hydrology, air pollution modeling, degradation processes, human exposure pathways, and monitoring.
Topics
Topics covered will include:
- Control Volumes, Mass Balance, and Advective/Dispersive Transport
- Chemical Equilibria, Mass Action, Electroneutrality, and Mass Conservation
- Chemical Kinetics and Partitioning
- River Transport, Lakes and Wetlands and Estuaries
- Sediment Transport, Bottom Sediments, Paleolimnology
- Air-Water Exchange
- Major Ion Chemistry of Natural Waters
- Ecosystem Characteristics and Redox Chemistry
- BOD/DO Modeling and Microbial Kinetics
- Photochemistry and Hydrolysis
- Groundwater and Aquifers, Darcy's Law, and Flow Nets
- Superposition, Capture Curves
- Transient Well Hydraulics and Transport and Retardation
- Unsaturated Zone Flow, Biodegradation and Bioremediation
- Atmospheric Structure and Adiabatic Lapse Rates
- Global, Synoptic, Local Scale Circulation
- Gaussian Plume Modeling and Deposition Processes
- Tropospheric Chemistry and Acid Deposition
- Stratospheric Chemistry and Radiative Activity of Gases
Assignments
Readings will be assigned primarily from text. Problem sets will be assigned weekly from the text.
Grading
Table for grading
| Activities |
Percentages |
| In-class Quiz |
40% |
| Homework, Court Case |
15% |
| Final Quiz |
45% |
All quizzes and exams are in-class, closed-book. One 8-1/2" x 11" sheet of handwritten notes will be permitted (one side for first quiz, both sides for final).
Calendar
Table for Calendar
| LEC # |
TOPICS |
KEY DATES |
| 1 |
Control Volumes
Mass Balance
Advective/Dispersive Transport |
|
| 2 |
Chemical Equilibria
Mass Action
Electroneutrality
Mass Conservation |
|
| 3 |
Chemical Kinetics
Partitioning |
Problem Set 1: Exercise 1-1, 6, 8, 19, 22 due |
| 4 |
River Transport |
|
| 5 |
Lakes and Wetlands
Estuaries |
Problem Set 2: Exercise 1-5, 12, 15, 25, 27 due |
| 6 |
Sediment Transport
Bottom Sediments
Paleolimnology |
|
| 7 |
Air-Water Exchange |
Problem Set 3: Exercise 2-1, 4, 20, 21, 30 due |
| 8 |
Major Ion Chemistry of Natural Waters |
|
| 9 |
Ecosystem Characteristics
Redox Chemistry |
Problem Set 4: Exercise 2-6, 11, 32, 47, 58 due |
| 10 |
Redox Chemistry in Ecosystems |
|
| 11 |
BOD/DO Modeling
Microbial Kinetics |
Problem Set 5: Exercise 2-17, 35, 52, 56, 57 due |
| 12 |
Photochemistry
Hydrolysis |
|
| |
Quiz 1 |
|
| 13 |
Groundwater and Aquifers
Darcy's Law
Flow Nets |
|
| 14 |
Wells
Superposition
Capture Curves |
Problem Set 6: Exercise 2-26 and
Exercise 3-1, 2, 7, 9 due |
| 15 |
Transient Well Hydraulics
Transport and Retardation |
|
| 16 |
Unsaturated Zone Flow
NAPL |
Problem Set 7: Exercise 3-30, 31, 33, 38, 41 due |
| 17 |
Biodegradation
Bioremediation |
|
| 18 |
Atmospheric Structure
Adiabatic Lapse Rates |
Problem Set 8: Exercise 3-14, 16, 23, 36, 37 due |
| 19 |
Global, Synoptic, Local Scale Circulation |
|
| 20 |
Gaussian Plume Modeling
Deposition Processes |
Problem Set 9: Exercise 4-5, 6, 14, 36, 37 due |
| 21 |
Tropospheric Chemistry
Acid Deposition |
|
| 22 |
Stratospheric Chemistry
Radiative Activity of Gases |
Problem Set 10: Exercise 4-3, 27, 32, 40, 42 due |
| 23 |
Court Case I |
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| 24 |
Court Case II |
Problem Set 11: Exercise 4-26, 28, 30 due |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
All readings in the table below are from the required text:
Hemond, H. F., and E. J. Fechner. Chemical Fate and Transport in the Environment. 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2000. ISBN: 0123402751.
Table for Readings
| LEC # |
TOPICS |
REAdings |
| 1 |
Control Volumes
Mass Balance
Advective/Dispersive Transport |
Read through p. 25 |
| 2 |
Chemical Equilibria
Mass Action
Electroneutrality
Mass Conservation |
|
| 3 |
Chemical Kinetics
Partitioning |
Read through p. 137 |
| 4 |
River Transport |
|
| 5 |
Lakes and Wetlands
Estuaries |
|
| 6 |
Sediment Transport
Bottom Sediments
Paleolimnology |
|
| 7 |
Air-Water Exchange |
Read through p. 160 |
| 8 |
Major Ion Chemistry of Natural Waters |
|
| 9 |
Ecosystem Characteristics
Redox Chemistry |
Read through p. 175 |
| 10 |
Redox Chemistry in Ecosystems |
|
| 11 |
BOD/DO Modeling
Microbial Kinetics |
Read through p. 220 |
| 12 |
Photochemistry
Hydrolysis |
|
| |
Quiz 1 |
|
| 13 |
Groundwater and Aquifers
Darcy's Law
Flow Nets |
|
| 14 |
Wells
Superposition
Capture Curves |
Read through p. 297 |
| 15 |
Transient Well Hydraulics
Transport and Retardation |
|
| 16 |
Unsaturated Zone Flow
NAPL |
Read through p. 346 |
| 17 |
Biodegradation
Bioremediation |
|
| 18 |
Atmospheric Structure
Adiabatic Lapse Rates |
Read through p. 398 |
| 19 |
Global, Synoptic, Local Scale Circulation |
|
| 20 |
Gaussian Plume Modeling
Deposition Processes |
|
| 21 |
Tropospheric Chemistry
Acid Deposition |
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| 22 |
Stratospheric Chemistry
Radiative Activity of Gases |
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| 23 |
Court Case I |
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| 24 |
Court Case II |
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Other References
Driscoll, F. Groundwater and Wells. New York, NY: Reynolds Guyar, 1986. ISBN: 0961645601.
Freeze, R. A., and J. A. Cherry. Groundwater. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1979. ISBN: 0133653129.
Morel, F. M. M., and J. G. Hering. Principles and Application of Aquatic Chemistry. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1993. ISBN: 0471548960.
Reid, G., and R. Wood. Ecology of Inland Waters and Estuaries. New York, NY: Van Nostrand, 1976. ISBN: 0442176058.
Schwarzenbach, R. P., P. M. Gschwend, and D. M. Imboden. Environmental Organic Chemistry. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1993. ISBN: 0471125881.
Stern, A. C., R. W. Boubel, D. B. Turner, and D. L. Fox. Fundamentals of Air Pollution. Burlington, MA: Academic Press, 1984. ISBN: 0121189309.
Stumm, W., and J. J. Morgan. Aquatic Chemistry. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1981. ISBN: 0471511846.
Thibodeaux, L. Chemodynamics. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1979. ISBN: 0471612952.
Wayne, R. P. Chemistry of Atmospheres. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1991. ISBN: 0198555717.
Wetzel, R. G. Limnology Saunders. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace, 1983. ISBN: 0030579139.
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