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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Corkin, Suzanne, 9.458 Parkinson's Disease Workshop, Summer 2006. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 08 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Decreased mitochondrial activity has been observed in Parkinson's disease patients. (Image by MIT OCW.)
Course Highlights
This course features lecture notes and associated readings for the presentations given at the 2006 Parkinson's Disease Workshop.
Course Description
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that produces movement disorders and deficits in executive functions, working memory, visuospatial functions, and internal control of attention. It is named after James Parkinson (1755-1824), the English neurologist who described the first case.
This six-week summer workshop explored different aspects of PD, including clinical characteristics, structural neuroimaging, neuropathology, genetics, and cognitive function (mental status, cognitive control processes, working memory, and long-term declarative memory). The workshop did not take up the topics of motor control, nondeclarative memory, or treatment.
Syllabus
Overview
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that produces movement disorders and deficits in executive functions, working memory, visuospatial functions, and internal control of attention. It is named after James Parkinson (1755-1824), the English neurologist who described the first case.
While the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at play in PD remain unclear, it is recognized that people with a family history of PD, as well as those who have been exposed to certain pesticides, metals, and chemicals, carry an increased risk of developing the disease.
The development and application of positron emission tomography (PET) and structural and functional high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to the study of PD has led to a more thorough understanding of the neural abnormalities underlying the disease. At the same time, the resolution of current neuroimaging methods has rendered them largely ineffective in the diagnosis of the disease.
This six-week summer workshop explored different aspects of PD, including clinical characteristics, structural neuroimaging, neuropathology, genetics, and cognitive function (mental status, cognitive control processes, working memory, and long-term declarative memory). The workshop did not take up the topics of motor control, nondeclarative memory, or treatment.
Calendar
Course schedule.
| SES # |
TOPICS |
| 1 |
Cognition in Parkinson's Disease |
| 2 |
Neuropathology and Structural Neuroimaging in Parkinson's Disease |
| 3 |
Genetics of Parkinson's Disease |
| 4 |
Cognitive Control Processes and Working Memory in Parkinson's Disease |
| 5 |
A Systems Neuroscience Approach to Memory |
| 6 |
Long-term Declarative Memory in Parkinson Disease |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
The following readings are cited in the lecture notes, or are otherwise associated with a given topic.
Course readings.
| SES # |
Topics |
READINGS |
| 1 |
Cognition in Parkinson's Disease |
Ashby, Noble, Filoteo, Waldron, and Ell. "Category Learning Deficits in Parkinson's Disease." Neuropsychology 17, no. 1 (2003): 115-124.
Brown, Marsden, Quinn, and Wyke. "Alterations in Cognitive Performance and Affect-Arousal State During Fluctuations in Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 47, no. 5 (1984): 454-65.
Cools, Barker, Sahakian, and Robbins. "Enhanced or Impaired Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease as a Function of Dopaminergic Medication and Task Demands." Cerebral Cortex 11 (2001): 1136-1143.
Cools. "Dopaminergic Modulation of Cognitive Function: Implications for L-DOPA Treatment in Parkinson's Disease." Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 30 (2006): 1-23.
Cronin-Golomb, Corkin, and Growdon. "Impaired Problem Solving in Parkinson's Disease: Impact of a Set-Shifting Deficit." Neuropsychologia 32 (1994): 579-593.
Gabrieli, Singh, Stebbins, and Goetz. "Reduced Working Memory Span in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence for the Role of a Frontostriatal System in Working and Strategic Memory." Neuropsychology 10 (1996): 322-332.
Growdon, Corkin, and Rosen. "Distinctive Aspects of Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease." Advances in Neurology 53 (1990): 365-376.
Hodgson, Tiesman, Owen, and Kennard. "Abnormal Gaze Strategies During Problem Solving in Parkinson's Disease." Neuropsychologia 40 (2002): 411-422.
Katzen, Levin, and Llabre. "Age of Disease Onset Influences Cognition in Parkinson's Disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological 4, no. 3 (1998): 285-290.
Locascio, Corkin, and Growdon. "Relation Between Clinical Characteristics of Parkinson's Disease and Cognitive Decline." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 25, no. 1 (2003): 94-109.
Mayeuz, Stern, Rosenstein, Marder, Hauser, Cote, and Fahn. "An Estimate of the Prevalence of Dementia in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease." Archives of Neurology 45 (1988): 260-262.
Ogden, Growdon, and Corkin. "Deficits on Visuospatial Tests Involving Forward Planning in High-functioning Parkinsonians." Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neuroscience 105 (1990): 326-342.
Parkinson. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy. London, UK: Sherwood, Neely and Jones, 1817.
Postle, Jonides, Smith, Corkin, and Growdon. "Spatial, But Not Object, Delayed Response is Impaired in Early Parkinson's Disease." Neuropsychology 11, no. 2 (1997): 171-179.
Sharpe. "Is There A Divided Attention Deficit in Patients with Early Parkinson's Disease?" Cortex 32 (1996): 747-753.
Woodward, Bub, and Hunter. "Task Switching Deficits Associated with Parkinson's Disease Reflect Depleted Attentional Resources." Neuropsychologia 40 (2002): 1948-1955. |
| 2 |
Neuropathology and Structural Neuroimaging in Parkinson's Disease |
Damier, Hirsch, Agid, and Graybiel. "The Substantia Nigra of the Human Brain II. Patterns of Loss of Dopamine-containing Neurons in Parkinson's Disease." Brain 122 (1999): 1437-1448.
Whone, Moore, Piccini, and Brooks. "Plasticity of the Nigropallidal Pathway in Parkinson's Disease." Annals of Neurology 53 (2003): 206-213.
Camicioli, Moore, Kinney, Corbridge, Glassberg, and Kaye. "Parkinson's Disease is Associated with Hippocampal Atrophy." Movement Disorders 18, no. 7 (2003): 784-790.
Junque, Ramirez-Ruiz, Tolosa, Summerfield, Marti, Pastor, Gomez-Anson, and Mercader. "Amygdalar and Hippocampal MRI Volumetric Reductions." Parkinson's Disease with Dementia 20, no. 5 (2005): 540-544.
Harding, Stimson, Henderson, and Halliday. "Clinical Correlates of Selective Pathology in the Amygdala of Patients with Parkinson's Disease." Brain 125 (2002): 2431-2445.
Zarow, Lyness, Mortimer, and Chui. "Neuronal Loss is Greater in the Locus Coeruleus than Nucleus Basalis and Substantia Nigra in Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases." Archives of Neurology 60 (2003): 337-341.
Rye, and DeLong. "Time to Focus on the Locus." Archives of Neurology 60, no. 320 (2003).
Pedersen, Marner, Pakkenberg, and Pakkenberg. "No Global Loss of Neocortical Neurons in Parkinson's Disease: A Quantitative Stereological Study." Movement Disorders 20, no. 2 (2004): 164-171.
Yoshikawa, Nakata, Yamada, and Nakagawa. "Early Pathological Changes in the Parkinsonian Brain Demonstrated by Diffusion Tensor MRI." Journal of Neurological Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 75 (2004): 481-484. |
| 3 |
Genetics of Parkinson's Disease |
Khan, Jain, Lynch, Pavese, et al. "Mutations in the Gene LRRK2 Encoding Dardarin (PARK8) Cause Familial Parkinson's Disease: Clinical, Pathological, Olfactory and Functional Imaging and Genetic Data." Brain 128 (2005): 2786-2796.
Sun, Latourelle, Wooten, Lew, et al. "Heterozygosity for Parkin Mutation Influences Onset Age in Familial Parkinson's Disease." Archives of Neurology 63 (2006): 826-832.
Sinha, Racette, Perlmutter, and Parsian. "Prevalence of Parkin Gene Mutations and Variations in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease." Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 11 (2005): 341-347.
Hu, Scherfler, Khan, Hajinal, Lees, Quinn, Wood, and Brooks. "Nigral Degeneration and Striatal Dopaminergic Dysfunction in Idiopathic and Parkin-linked Parkinson's Disease." Movement Disorders 21, no. 3 (2006): 290-305.
Foltynie, Goldberg, Lewis, Blackwell, Kolachana, Weinberger, Robbins, and Barker. "Planning Ability in Parkinson's Disease is Influenced by the COMT Val 158 met Polymorphism." Movement Disorders 19, no. 8 (2004): 885-891.
Cools, Barker, Sahakian, and Robbins. "Enhanced or Impaired Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease as a Function of Dopaminergic Medication and Task Demands." Cerebral Cortex 11 (2001): 1136-1143.
DiMonte, Lavasani, and Manning-Bog. "Environmental Factors in Parkinson's Disease." Neurotoxicology 23 (2002): 487-502.
Betarbet, Sherer, MacKenzie, and Garcia-Osuna. "Chronic Systemic Pesticide Exposure Reproduces Features of Parkinson's Disease." Nature Neuroscience 3 (2000): 1301-1306.
Yesavage. "Spatial Test for Agricultural Pesticide 'Blow-in' Effect on Prevalence of Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 19, no. 1 (2006): 32-35.
Benbunan, Korczyn, and Giladi. "Parkin Mutation Associated Parkinsonism and Cognitve Decline, Comparison to Early Onset Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Neural Transmission 111, no. 1 (2004): 47-57.
Gilks, Abou-Sleiman, Gandhi, Jain, and Singleton. "A Common LRRK2 Mutation in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease." Lancet 365 (2005): 415-416.
Hedrich, Marder, Harris, Kann, Lynch, et al. "Evaluation of 50 Probands with Early-onset Parkinson's Disease for Parkin Mutations." Neurology 58, no. 8 (2002): 1239-1246.
Jankovic. "Searching for a Relationship between Manganese and Welding and Parkinson's Disease." Neurology 64, no. 12 (2005): 2021-2028.
Khan, Graham, Critchley, Schrag, Wood, et al. "Parkin Disease: A Phenotypic Study of a Large Case Series." Brain 126, no. 6 (2003): 1279-1292.
Klein, Hedrich, Wellenbrook, Kann, Harris, et al. "Frequency of Parkin Mutations in Late-onset Parkinson's Disease." Annals of Neurology 54, no. 3 (2003): 415-416.
Lesge, Ibanez, Lohmann, Pollak, Tison, et al. "G2019S LRRK2 Mutation in French and North African Families with Parkinson's Disease." Annals of Neurology 58, no. 5 (2005): 784-787.
Lohmann, Periquet, Bonifati, Wood, De Michele, et al. "How Much Phenotypic Variation Can Be Attributed to Parkin Genotype?" Annals of Neurology 54, no. 2 (2003): 176-185.
Piccini, Burn, Ceravolo, Maraganore, and Brooks. "The Role of Inheritance in Sporadic Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study of Dogaminergic Function in Twins." Annals of Neurology 45, no. 5 (1999): 577-582.
Tanner, Ottman, Goldman, Ellenberg, Chan, et al. "Parkinson's Disease in Twins: An Etiologic Study." Journal of the American Medical Association 281, no. 4 (1999): 341-346.
Wirdefeldt, Gatz, Schalling, and Pederson. "No Evidence for Heritability of Parkinson's Disease in Swedish Twins." Neurology 63, no. 2 (2004): 305-311.
Pankratz, Nichols, Uniacke, Halter, Murrell, et al. "Genome-wide Linkage Analysis and Evidence of Gene-by-gene Interactions in a Sample of 362 Multiplex Parkinson Disease Families." Human Molecular Genetics 12, no. 20 (2003): 2599-2608. |
| 4 |
Cognitive Control Processes and Working Memory in Parkinson's Disease |
Cools, Barker, Sahakian, and Robbins. "Enhanced or Impaired Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease as a Function of Dopaminergic Medication and Task Demands." Cerebral Cortex 11 (2001): 1136-1143.
Cools, Altamirano, and D'Esposito. "Reversal Learning in Parkinson's Disease Depends on Medication Status and Outcome Valence." Neuropsychologia 44 (2006): 1663-1673.
Cronin-Golomb, Corkin, and Growdon. "Impaired Problem Solving in Parkinson’s Disease: Impact of a Set-shifting Deficit." Neuropsychologia 32 (1994): 579-593.
Lewis, Foltynie, Blackwell, Robbins, Owen, and Barker. "Heterogeneity of Parkinson's Disease in the Early Clinical Stages Using a Data Driven Approach." Journal of Neurological Neurosurgery Psychiatry 76 (2005): 343-348.
Lewis, Cools, Robbins, Dove, Barker, and Owen. "Using Executive Heterogeneity to Explore the Nature of Working Memory Deficits in Parkinson's Disease." Neuropsychologia 41 (2003): 645-654.
Owen, James, Leigh, Summers, Marsden, Quinn, Lange, and Robbins. "Fronto-striatal Cognitive Deficits at Different Stages of Parkinson's Disease." Brain 115 (1992): 1727-1751.
Owen, Iddon, Hodges, Summers, and Robbins. "Spatial and Non-spatial Working Memory at Different Stages of Parkinson's Disease." Neuropsychologia 35, no. 4 (1997): 519-532.
Lewis, Dove, Robbins, Barker, and Owen. "Cognitive Impairments in Early Parkinson's Disease Are Accompanied by Reductions in Activity in Frontostriatal Neural Circuitry." The Journal of Neuroscience 23, no. 15 (1997): 6351-6356.
Lewis, Slabosz, Robbins, Barker, and Owen. "Dopaminergic Basis for Deficits in Working Memory But Not Attentional Set-shifting in Parkinson's Disease." Neuropsychologia 43 (2005): 823-832.
Fearnley, and Lees. "Ageing and Parkinson's Disease: Substantia Nigra Regional Selectivity." Brain; A Journal of Neurology 114, no. 5 (1991): 2283-2301.
Kish, Shannak, and Hornykiewicz. "Uneven Pattern of Dopamine Loss in the Striatum of Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease, Pathophysiologic and Clinical Implications." The New England Journal of Medicine 318, no. 14 (1988): 876-880.
Middleton, and Strick. "Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Loops: Motor and Cognitive Circuits." Brain Research 31, nos. 2-3 (2000): 236-250.
———. "Basal Ganglia Output and Cognition: Evidence from Anatomical, Behavioral, and Clinical Studies." Brain and Cognition 42, no. 2 (2000): 183-200.
Postle, Locascio, Corkin, and Growdon. "The Time Course of Spatial and Object Learning in Parkinson’s Disease." Neuropsychologia 35 (1997): 1413-1422.
Uhl, Hedreen, and Prince. "Parkinson's Disease: Loss of Neurons from the Ventral Tegmental Area Contralateral to Therapeutic Surgical Lesions." Neurology 35, no. 8 (1985): 1215-1218.
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| 5 |
A Systems Neuroscience Approach to Memory |
Aggleton, Vann, Denby, Dix, Mayes, Roberts, and Yonelinas. "Sparing of the Familiarity Component of Recognition Memory in a Patient with Hippocampal Pathology." Neuropsychologia 43 (2005): 1810-1823.
Hockley, and Consoli. "Familiarity and Recollection in Item and Associative Recognition." Memory and Cognition 27, no. 4 (1999): 657-664.
Mayes, Holdstock, Isaac, et al. "Associative Recognition in a Patient with Selective Hippocampal Lesions and Relatively Normal Item Recognition." Hippocampus 14 (2004): 763-784.
Vargha-Khadem, Gadian, Watkins, Connelly, Van Paesschen, and Mishkin. "Differential Effects of Early Hippocampal Pathology on Episodic and Semantic Memory." Science 277 (1997): 376-380.
Davachi, and Wagner. "Hippocampal Contributions to Episodic Encoding: Insights from Relational and Item-based Learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 88 (2002): 982-990.
Ranganath, Yonelinas, Cohen, Dy, Tom, and D'Esposito. "Dissociable Correlates of Recollection and Familiarity Within the Medial Temporal Lobes." Neuropsychologia 42 (2003): 2-13.
Giovnello, Verfaellie, and Keane. "Disproportionate Deficit in Associative Recognition Relative to Item Recognition in Global Amnesia." Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience 3, no. 3 (2003): 186-184. |
| 6 |
Long-term Declarative Memory in Parkinson Disease |
Ivory, Knight, Longmore, and Davies. "Verbal Memory in Non-demented Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease." Neuropsychologia 37 (1999): 817-828.
Higginson, Wheelock, Carroll, and Sigvardt. "Recognition Memory in Parkinson's Disease With and Without Dementia: Evidence Inconsistent with the Retrieval Deficit Hypothesis." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 27 (2005): 516-528.
Minamoto, Tachibana, Sugita, and Okita. "Recognition Memory in Normal Aging and Parkinson's Disease: Behavioral an Electrophysiologic Measures." Cognitive Brain Research 11 (2001): 23-32.
Davidson, Anaki, Saint-Cyr, Chow, and Moscovitch. "Exploring the Recognition Memory Deficit in Parkinson's Disease: Estimates of Recollection versus Familiarity." Brain 129 (2006): 1768-1779.
Souchay, Isingrini, and Gil. "Metamemory Monitoring and Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 28 (2006): 618-630.
Glozman, Levin, and Lycheva. "Impairment of Emotional Memory and Ability to Identify Emotional States in Patients with Parkinson's Disease." Human Physiology 29, no. 6 (2003): 707-711.
Sprengelmeyer, Young, Mahn, Schroeder, Woitalla, Buttner, Kuhn, and Przuntek. "Facial Expression Recognition in People with Medicated and Unmedicated Parkinson's Disease." Neuropsychologia 41 (2003): 1047-1057.
Grande, Crosson, Heilman, Bauer, Kilduff, and McGlinchey. "Visual Selective Attention in Parkinson's Disease: Dissociation of Exogenous and Endogenous Inhibition." Neuropsychology 20, no. 3 (2006): 370-382.
Dagher, Owen, Boecker, and Brooks. "The Role of the Striatum and Hippocampus in Planning: A PET Activation Study in Parkinson's Disease." Brain 124 (2001): 1020-1032.
Kensinger, Shearer, Locascio, Growdon, and Corkin. "Working Memory in Mild Alzheimer's Disease and Early Parkinson's Disease." Neuropsychology 17, no. 2 (2003): 230-239.
Sagar, Sullivan, Gabrieli, Corkin, and Growdon. "Temporal Ordering and Short-term Memory Deficits in Parkinson's Disease." Brain 111 (1988): 525-539.
Owen, James, Leigh, Summers, Marsden, Quinn, Lange, and Robbins. "Fronto-striatal Cognitive Deficits at Different Stages of Parkinson's Disease." Brain 115 (1992): 1727-1751.
Brown, and Marsden. "Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease: From Description to Theory." Trends in Neurosciences 13, no. 1 (1990): 21-29.
Cooper, Sagar, and Sullivan. "Short-term Memory and Temporal Ordering in Early Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Disease Chronicity and Medication." Neuropsychologia 13, no. 9 (1993): 933-949.
Sahakian, Morris, Evenden, Heald, Levy, and Robbins. "A Comparative Study of Visuospatial Memory and Learning in Alzheimer-type Dementia and Parkinson's Disease." Brain 111 (1988): 695-718.
Yonelinas, Otten, Shaw, and Rugg. "Separating the Brain Regions Involved in Recollection and Familiarity in Recognition Memory." Journal of Neuroscience 25, no. 11 (2005): 3002-3008.
Yonelinas, Kroll, Dobbins, Lazzara, and Knight. "Recollection and Familiarity Deficits in Amnesia: Convergence of Remember/Know, Process Dissociation, and Receiver Operating Characteristic Data." Neuropsychology 12 (1998): 1-17.
Mahieux, Fenelon, Flahault, Manifacier, Michelet, and Boller. "Neuropsychological Prediction of Dementia in Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 64 (1998): 178-183.
Norman. "Differential Effects of List Strength on Recollection and Familiarity." Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning, Memory, and Cognition 28, no. 6 (2002): 1083-1094.
Lees, and Smith. "Cognitive Deficits in the Early Stages of Parkinson's Disease." Brain 106, no. 2 (1983): 257-270.
Davidson, Anaki, Saint-Cyr, Chow, and Moscovitch. "Exploring the Recognition Memory Deficit in Parkinson's Disease: Estimates of Recollection versus Familiarity." Brain 129 (2006): 1768-1779.
Whittington, Podd, and Stewart-Williams. "Memory Deficits in Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 28 (2006): 738-754.
Whittington, and Kan. "Recognition Memory Impairment in Parkinson's Disease: Power and Meta-analyses." Neuropsychology 14 (2000): 233-246. |
Related Resources
Resources
Parkinson's Disease Information compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).
The Parkinson's Web contains a variety of web resources.
MedlinePlus has links on Parkinson disease compiled by the National Library of Medicine.
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