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Abstract/Syllabus:
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James, Erica, 21A.260 Culture, Embodiment and the Senses, Fall 2005. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 07 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Anatomy and Apothecary. (Image by MIT OCW. Main image courtesy of the National Institutes of Health.)
Course Highlights
This course features an extensive set of lecture notes.
Course Description
Culture, Embodiment, and the Senses will provide an historical and cross-cultural analysis of the politics of sensory experience. The subject will address western philosophical debates about mind, brain, emotion, and the body and the historical value placed upon sight, reason, and rationality, versus smell, taste, and touch as acceptable modes of knowing and knowledge production. We will assess cultural traditions that challenge scientific interpretations of experience arising from western philosophical and physiological models. The class will examine how sensory experience lies beyond the realm of individual physiological or psychological responses and occurs within a culturally elaborated field of social relations. Finally, we will debate how discourse about the senses is a product of particular modes of knowledge production that are themselves contested fields of power relations.
Syllabus
Course Description
Culture, Embodiment, and the Senses will provide an historical and cross-cultural analysis of the politics of sensory experience. The subject will address western philosophical debates about mind, brain, emotion, and the body and the historical value placed upon sight, reason, and rationality, versus smell, taste, and touch as acceptable modes of knowing and knowledge production. We will assess cultural traditions that challenge scientific interpretations of experience arising from western philosophical and physiological models. The class will examine how sensory experience lies beyond the realm of individual physiological or psychological responses and occurs within a culturally elaborated field of social relations. Finally, we will debate how discourse about the senses is a product of particular modes of knowledge production that are themselves contested fields of power relations.
Course Structure and Requirements
The course will be run primarily as a seminar, with approximately 20 minutes of lecture to introduce each new section followed by presentations and discussion of the subject or ethnographic context under review.
Class Participation, Discussion Questions, and Reflection Papers
Students are evaluated on regular attendance and active participation in class. At the start of each class students will be asked to provide one or two questions for class discussion that were prompted by the reading. Over the course of the semester students are also asked to write three, one, two page reflections on the readings. Discussion questions, reflection papers, and active class participation contribute 30% of the final grade.
Papers
Each student will submit one short mid-term paper of 6-7 pages (worth 20% of the final grade) and one longer final paper of 12-14 pages (worth 40%). The mid-term paper will address the readings from the first half of the course. For the second paper there is a choice to 1) write an in-depth comparative analysis of three of the ethnographic cases from the second half of the course or 2) to complete a research paper or project on a topic chosen in consultation with the instructor.
Presentations
Through the course of the semester each student will make at least one presentation of the main arguments contained within that day's readings in order to guide class discussion (in the case of books, the chapters will be divided among more than one student). The presentations are evaluated and will contribute 10% of the final grade.
There is no final exam.
In a nutshell the grading criteria is as follows:
Grading criteria.
activities |
percentages |
Discussion Questions, Reflection Papers, and Active Class Participation |
30% |
Mid-term Paper |
20% |
Final Paper |
40% |
Presentations |
10% |
Calendar
Calendar schedule.
Lec # |
TOPICS |
KEY DATES |
1-2 |
Course Introduction: Anthropology and the Senses |
|
3-5 |
Healing the Body in Ancient Greece and China |
Reflection paper 1 due on Lec #5 |
6-8 |
Philosophy, Medicine, and the Senses in Early-Modern Europe |
|
9-10 |
Uncanny Experience and Sensing the Sacred in the Modern West |
Reflection paper 2 due on Lec #9 |
11 |
Memory, Belief, and the Politics of Mind |
|
12 |
Intersubjectivity, Phenomenology, Emotion, and Embodiment |
|
13-14 |
Intersubjectivity and Ruptured Social Senses |
Mid-term paper due on Lec #13 |
15-24 |
Sensory Ethnographies |
Reflection paper 3 due on Lec #21 |
25-26 |
Mind-Body Medicine, Research and the State |
Final papers due on Lec #26 |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
Required Texts
Desjarlais, Robert. Body and Emotion: The Aesthetics of Illness and Healing in the Nepal Himalayas. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992. ISBN: 081221434X.
James, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985. ISBN: 0674932250.
Kuriyama, Shigehisa. The Expressiveness of the Body and the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine. New York, NY: Zone Books, 1999. ISBN: 0942299884.
Roseman, Marina. Healing Sounds from the Malaysian Rainforest: Temiar Music and Medicine. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991. ISBN: 0520082818.
Stoller, Paul. Sensuous Scholarship. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997. ISBN: 0812216156.
Klima, Alan. The Funeral Casino: Meditation, Massacre, and Exchange with the Dead in Thailand. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002. ISBN: 0691074607.
Ramachandran, V. S., and Sandra Blakeslee. Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind. New York, NY: William Morrow, 1998. ISBN: 0688152473.
Films
Chevigny, Katy, and Julia Pimsleur. Journey to the West: Chinese Medicine Today. 57 min. 2001.
Wachowski, Andy, and Larry Wachowski. The Matrix. 136 min. 1999.
Reichle, Franz. The Knowledge of Healing. 89 min. 1997.
Lescot, Anne, and Laurence Magloire. Of Men and Gods. 52 min. 2002.
Course readings.
Lec # |
TOPICS |
READINGS |
1-2 |
Course Introduction: Anthropology and the Senses |
Lecture 1
Herzfeld, Michael. "Senses." Chapter 11 in Anthropology: Theoretical Practice in Culture and Society. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2001, pp. 240-253. ISBN: 063120658.
Lecture 2
Classen, Constance. "Worlds of Sense." Chapter 6 in Worlds of Sense: Exploring the Senses in History and Across Cultures. London, UK; New York, NY: Routledge, 1993, pp. 121-138. ISBN: 0415101263.
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, and Margaret Lock. "The Mindful Body: A Prolegomenon to Future Work in Medical Anthropology." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 1, no. 1 (March 1987): 6-41. (New series) |
3-5 |
Healing the Body in Ancient Greece and China |
Lecture 3
Kuriyama, Shigehisa. The Expressiveness of the Body and the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine. New York, NY: Zone Books, 1999, preface, and chapter 1, pp. 7-60. ISBN: 0942299884.
Chevigny, Katy, and Julia Pimsleur. Journey to the West: Chinese Medicine Today. 57 min. 2001.
Lecture 4
Kuriyama, Shigehisa. The Expressiveness of the Body and the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine. New York, NY: Zone Books, 1999, chapters 2, and 4, pp. 61-108 and 153-192. ISBN: 0942299884.
Lecture 5
Kuriyama, Shigehisa. The Expressiveness of the Body and the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine. New York, NY: Zone Books, 1999, chapter 6, pp. 233-272. ISBN: 0942299884. |
6-8 |
Philosophy, Medicine, and the Senses in Early-Modern Europe |
Lecture 6
Descartes. "Discourse on the Method." In The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. Vol. 1. Cambridge (Cambridgeshire), UK; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1984-1991, pp. 111-151. ISBN: 052124594X.
Damasio, Antonio. "A Passion for Reasoning." Chapter 11 in Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. New York, NY: G.P. Putnam, 1994, pp. 244-252. ISBN: 0399138943.
Wachowski, Andy, and Larry Wachowski. The Matrix. 136 min. 1999. (Excerpts)
Lecture 7
Bylebyl, Jerome. "The Manifest and the Hidden in the Renaissance Clinic." In Medicine and the Five Senses. Edited by W. F. Bynum, and Roy Porter. Cambridge, UK; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 40-60. ISBN: 0521611989.
Palmer, Richard. "In Bad Odour: Smell and Its Significance in Medicine from Antiquity to the Seventeenth Century." In Medicine and the Five Senses. Cambridge, UK; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 61-68. ISBN: 0521611989.
Porter, Roy. "The Rise of Physical Examination." In Medicine and the Five Senses. Cambridge, UK; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 179-197. ISBN: 0521611989.
Lecture 8
Keller, Eve. "The Subject of Touch: Medical Authority in Early Modern Midwifery." In Sensible Flesh: On Touch in Early Modern Culture. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003, pp. 62-80. ISBN: 0812218299.
Stevens, Scott Manning. "New World Contacts and the Trope of the 'Naked Savage." In Sensible Flesh: On Touch in Early Modern Culture. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003, pp. 124-140. ISBN: 0812218299.
Classen, Constance. "The Witch's Senses: Sensory Ideologies and Transgressive Femininities from the Renaissance to Modernity." In Empire of the Senses: The Sensual Culture Reader. Oxford, UK; New York, NY: Berg, 2005, pp. 70-84. ISBN: 185973863X. |
9-10 |
Uncanny Experience and Sensing the Sacred in the Modern West |
Lecture 9
Otto, Rudolf. "On Numinous Experience as Mysterium Tremendum et Fascinans." In Experience of the Sacred: Readings in the Phenomenology of Religion. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1992, pp. 77-85. ISBN: 0874515300.
Freud, Sigmund. The Uncanny. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2003, pp. 123-162. ISBN: 142437476.
James, William. "The Reality of the Unseen." Chapter 3 in The Varieties of Religious Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985, pp. 59-77. ISBN: 0674932250.
Lecture 10
James, William. "Conversion," and "Mysticism." In The Varieties of Religious Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985, chapters 9-10, and 16-17, pp. 160-210 and 299-336. ISBN: 0674932250.
Ramachandran, V. S., and Sandra Blakeslee. "God and the Limbic System." Chapter 9 in Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind. New York, NY: William Morrow, 1998, pp. 174-198. ISBN: 0688152473. |
11 |
Memory, Belief, and the Politics of Mind |
Leys, Ruth. "Traumatic Cures: Shell Shock, Janet, and the Question of Memory." In Tense Past: Cultural Essays in Trauma and Memory. Edited by Paul Antze, and Michael Lambek. New York, NY: Routledge, 1996, pp. 103-145. ISBN: 0415915635.
Young, Allan. "Bodily Memory and Traumatic Memory." In Tense Past: Cultural Essays in Trauma and Memory. Edited by Paul Antze, and Michael Lambek. New York, NY: Routledge, 1996, pp. 89-102. ISBN: 0415915635.
Kaptchuk, Ted. J. "Intentional Ignorance: A History of Blind Assessment and Placebo Controls in Medicine." Bull Hist Med 72 (1998): 389-433. |
12 |
Intersubjectivity, Phenomenology, Emotion, and Embodiment |
Csordas, Thomas J. "Somatic Modes of Attention." In Body/Meaning/Healing. Hampshire, UK; New York, NY: Palgrave, 2002, pp. 241-259. ISBN: 0312293917.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. "Other Selves and the Human World." In Phenomenology of Perception. London, UK; New York, NY: Routledge, 2002, pp. 346-365. ISBN: 0415278414.
Varela, Francisco J., Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch. "What Do We Mean 'Human Experience'?" In The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991, pp. 15-33. ISBN: 0262720213. |
13-14 |
Intersubjectivity and Ruptured Social Senses |
Lecture 13
Favret-Saada, Jeanne, and Catherine Cullen. "Unbewitching as Therapy." American Ethnologist 1, no. 1 (February 1989): 40-56.
Robarchek, Clayton, and Carole Robarchek. "Waorani Grief and the Witch-Killer's Rage: Worldview, Emotion, and Anthropological Explanation." Ethos 33, no. 2 (2005): 206-230.
Lecture 14
James, Erica. "Haunting Ghosts: Madness, Gender and Ensekirite in Haiti in the Democratic Era." in Postcolonial Disorders, (forthcoming) edited by Mary-Jo DelVecchio Good, Sandra Hyde, and Byron Good.
Ms. Paul Farmer, "Sending Sickness: Sorcery, Politics, and Changing Concepts of AIDS in Rural Haiti." Medical Anthropology Quarterly 1, no. 4 (March 1990): 6-27.
Lescot, Anne, and Laurence Magloire. Of Men and Gods. 52 min. 2002. |
15-24 |
Sensory Ethnographies |
Lecture 15
Desjarlais, Robert R. Body and Emotion: The Aesthetics of Illness and Healing in the Nepal Himalayas. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992, chapters 1-2, pp. 3-89. ISBN: 081221434X.
Reichle, Franz. The Knowledge of Healing. 89 min. 1997.
Lecture 16
Desjarlais, Robert. Body and Emotion: The Aesthetics of Illness and Healing in the Nepal Himalayas. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992, chapters 4-7, pp. 90-197. ISBN: 081221434X.
Reichle, Franz. The Knowledge of Healing. 89 min. 1997.
Lecture 17
Desjarlais, Robert. Body and Emotion: The Aesthetics of Illness and Healing in the Nepal Himalayas. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992, chapters 8-10, pp. 198-253. ISBN: 081221434X.
Lecture 18
Roseman, Marina. Healing Sounds from the Malaysian Rainforest: Temiar Music and Medicine. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991, chapters 1-3, pp. 1-79. ISBN: 0520082818.
Lecture 19
Dream Songs and Healing Sounds in the Rainforests of Malaysia. Washington, DC: Smithsonian/Folkways, 1995. (Sound recording)
Roseman, Marina. Healing Sounds from the Malaysian Rainforest: Temiar Music and Medicine. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991, chapter 4, pp. 80-128. ISBN: 0520082818.
Lecture 20
Roseman, Marina. Healing Sounds from the Malaysian Rainforest: Temiar Music and Medicine. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991, chapters 5-7, pp. 129-184. ISBN: 0520082818.
Lecture 21
Stoller, Paul. Sensuous Scholarship. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997, prologue, parts 1 and 2, pp. ix-73. ISBN: 0812216156.
Lecture 22
Klima, Alan. The Funeral Casino: Meditation, Massacre, and Exchange with the Dead in Thailand. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002, chapters 1, and 2, read chapters 3-5, pp. 53-165. ISBN: 0691074607. (Skim)
Lecture 23
Klima, Alan. The Funeral Casino: Meditation, Massacre, and Exchange with the Dead in Thailand. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002, chapter 6, pp. 169-230. ISBN: 0691074607.
Lecture 24
Klima, Alan. The Funeral Casino: Meditation, Massacre, and Exchange with the Dead in Thailand. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002, chapter 7, pp. 231-290. ISBN: 0691074607. |
25-26 |
Mind-Body Medicine, Research and the State |
Lecture 25
NCCAM. Expanding Horizons of Healthcare: Five-Year Strategic Plan 2005-2009. (PDF)
Ramachandran, V. S., and Sandra Blakeslee. Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind. New York, NY: William Morrow, 1998, chapters 3, and 11, pp. 39-62, and 212-226. ISBN: 0688152473.
Lecture 26
Ramachandran, V. S., and Sandra Blakeslee. Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind New York. NY: William Morrow, 1998, chapters 10, and 12, pp. 199-211, and 227-257. ISBN: 0688152473. |
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