Water and Sanitation Needs in Complex Humanitarian

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Water and Sanitation Needs in Complex Humanitarian posted by member7_php on 3/9/2009

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Abstract/Syllabus

Courseware/Lectures

Test/Tutorials

Water and Sanitation Needs in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

Winter 2005-2006

A flood-damaged building

Course

Instructor

Leslie Roberts

Offered By

International Health

Description

Presents a historical overview of the influence of water and sanitation on human health; types of water and sanitation facilities and equipment presently available and particularly suited to refugee populations displaced by war, famine, drought, and economic turmoil; and methodologies for assessing and quantifying water and sanitation needs.

Syllabus

Course Description

Course Objectives

Objectives of this course are:

to enable engineers to read and understand epidemiological studies associating environmental conditions to human health;
to enable students to identify the sanitary barriers that interrupt the most common disease transmission cycles and to identify what failures have occurred when a crisis arises;
to be able to critically evaluate engineering strategies introduced to induce a specific health outcome;

and to enable public health professionals to be eloquent spokespeople for environmental health interventions where appropriate.

Schedule

SESSION #	TOPIC	ACTIVITIES

1	General Overview of Water and Sanitation	Lecture
2	Dysentary in Lisungwe Camp, 1993	Case Study
3	Water Shortage in Ngara Camps, 1996	Case Study
4	Randomized Interventions - Three Tales from Three Continents	Lecture
5	Typhoid in Tajikistan	Case Study
6	Conducting Evaluations	Lecture
7	Cholera in Goma, Zaire, 1994	Lecture

Readings

SESSION #	TOPIC	READINGS
1	General Overview of Water and Sanitation	Esrey et al. Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. Bull. WHO 1991;69(5):609-21. Clasen TF and Cairncross S. Household water management: refining the dominant paradigm. Trop. Med. Int. Hlth. 2004 Feb; 9(2):187-91.
2	Dysentary in Lisungwe Camp, 1993	Brisccoe J. Intervention Studies and the Definition of Dominant Transmission Routes. Am. J. of Epi. 1984;120(3):449-455. Shuval HI et al. Effect of investments in water supply and sanitation on health status: a threshold-saturation theory. Bull. WHO 1981;59(2):243-248.
3	Water Shortage in Ngara Camps, 1996	Tumwine JK. Et al. Diarrhoea and effects of different water sources, sanitation and hygiene behavious in East Africa. Trop. Med. And Int. Hlth. 2002;7(9):750-756.
4	Randomized Interventions - Three Tales from Three Continents	Roberts L. et al. Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial. Bull. WHO 2001;79(4):280-287. Clasen TF, Bastable A. Faecal contamination of drinking water during collection and household storage: the need to extend protection to the point of use. J. Water Health. 2003Sept; 1(3):109-15.
5	Typhoid in Tajikistan	Semenza JC et al. Water distribution system and diarrheal disease transmission: a case study in Uzbekistan. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1998;59(6):941-946.
6	Conducting Evaluations	Roberts, L. Estimating Populations, Water Consumption, and Sanitation Coverage. IRC, NY. 1999. Ezzati M et al. Environmental risks in the developing world: exposure indicators for evaluating interventions, programmes, and policies. J. Epidemiology Community Health. 2005 Jan;(59)1:15-22.
7	Cholera in Goma, Zaire, 1994	Emergency medical aid is not for amateurs [editorial] Lancet. 1996;348(9039):1393. Saddique AK et al. Why treatment centres failed to prevent cholera deaths among Rwandan refugees in Goma, Zaire. Lancet. 1995;345:359-361. Van Damme W. Do refugees belong in camps? Experiences from Goma and Guinea. Lancet. 1995; 346: 360-362. Roberts L. & Toole M. Cholera deaths in Goma. Lancet. 1995:346:1431.

Webliography:

Readings

SESSION #	TOPIC	READINGS
1	General Overview of Water and Sanitation	Esrey et al. Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. Bull. WHO 1991;69(5):609-21. Clasen TF and Cairncross S. Household water management: refining the dominant paradigm. Trop. Med. Int. Hlth. 2004 Feb; 9(2):187-91.
2	Dysentary in Lisungwe Camp, 1993	Brisccoe J. Intervention Studies and the Definition of Dominant Transmission Routes. Am. J. of Epi. 1984;120(3):449-455. Shuval HI et al. Effect of investments in water supply and sanitation on health status: a threshold-saturation theory. Bull. WHO 1981;59(2):243-248.
3	Water Shortage in Ngara Camps, 1996	Tumwine JK. Et al. Diarrhoea and effects of different water sources, sanitation and hygiene behavious in East Africa. Trop. Med. And Int. Hlth. 2002;7(9):750-756.
4	Randomized Interventions - Three Tales from Three Continents	Roberts L. et al. Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial. Bull. WHO 2001;79(4):280-287. Clasen TF, Bastable A. Faecal contamination of drinking water during collection and household storage: the need to extend protection to the point of use. J. Water Health. 2003Sept; 1(3):109-15.
5	Typhoid in Tajikistan	Semenza JC et al. Water distribution system and diarrheal disease transmission: a case study in Uzbekistan. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 1998;59(6):941-946.
6	Conducting Evaluations	Roberts, L. Estimating Populations, Water Consumption, and Sanitation Coverage. IRC, NY. 1999. Ezzati M et al. Environmental risks in the developing world: exposure indicators for evaluating interventions, programmes, and policies. J. Epidemiology Community Health. 2005 Jan;(59)1:15-22.
7	Cholera in Goma, Zaire, 1994	Emergency medical aid is not for amateurs [editorial] Lancet. 1996;348(9039):1393. Saddique AK et al. Why treatment centres failed to prevent cholera deaths among Rwandan refugees in Goma, Zaire. Lancet. 1995;345:359-361. Van Damme W. Do refugees belong in camps? Experiences from Goma and Guinea. Lancet. 1995; 346: 360-362. Roberts L. & Toole M. Cholera deaths in Goma. Lancet. 1995:346:1431.