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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Senge, Peter, and Wanda Orlikowski, 15.963 Organizations as Enacted Systems: Learning, Knowing and Change, Fall 2002. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 11 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Organizations as Enacted Systems: Learning, Knowing
Two arrows in a circle, representing communication. (Image courtesy of Wanda Orlikowski.)
Course Highlights
This course kicks off with a three-day workshop. Following the workshop, the course meets once per week for eight weeks. Details on the group assignment and a list of readings are included.
Course Description
The course is structured around a core of fundamental concepts concerning how we view organizations, and the application of these concepts to basic domains of action crucial for contemporary businesses: sensemaking, learning, knowing, and change. We view organizations as enacted systems, wherein humans are continually shaping the structures that influence their action in turn. In other words, we create the systems that then create us.
Syllabus
Learning, Knowing, and Change
Readings:
The course material is available from Graphic Arts. Supplemental readings and materials will be made available during the semester on SloanSpace.
Grading:
Class Participation: 25%
Course Reflection Papers (2 @ 10%): 20%
Group Assignment: 30%
Personal Report on Group Assignment: 10%
Final Reflection Paper: 15%
Purpose:
The course is structured around a core of fundamental concepts concerning how we view organizations, and the application of these concepts to basic domains of action crucial for contemporary businesses: sensemaking, learning, knowing, and change. We view organizations as enacted systems, wherein humans are continually shaping the structures that influence their action in turn. In other words, we create the systems that then create us.
Structure:
This course is organized as a reflective practicum, weaving theory, group exercises, and living cases. The course is made up of two parts: an intensive 3-day workshop to immerse ourselves in the ideas of enacted systems, and six 3-hour sessions held every Friday during H1 to explore and experience the nature of enacted systems through a series of exercises and living case studies. Learning will occur through active participation in the workshop, class sessions, exercises, and reflection assignments.
Learning Groups:
You will each participate in a "Learning Circle" of six members. These groups will be important sites of learning during the class sessions, and for conducting the group assignment (see below).
Assignments:
Assignments for this course are both group and individual.
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Class Participation: Engaging in the class, in your learning group, and with the readings and exercises is the most effective way to learn. Coming to every session, as well as engaging actively and reflectively with the materials and your classmates is what we will be looking for in class participation, rather than a mere attendance count or score of comments made in classroom.
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Group Assignment: Each learning group will be given the opportunity to select a living case to share with the class. This should be a real-life example of an enacted system that one of the group members has experienced in the past or is currently experiencing. The group will be responsible for creating and leading an embodiment exercise of this enacted system in class. This embodiment exercise must be designed to engage the participation and learning of the rest of the class and should include an active debriefing of the enacted systems dynamics being illustrated as well as a discussion of some implications for action.
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Individual Assignments: Individual assignments include three Reflection Papers on the course experience and one Personal Report on the group assignment.
Reflection Papers are where you will have the opportunity to comment on your learning experiences in the course. Two reflection papers are due during the semester, each 2 - 3 pages long, and reflecting on your personal experiences with the themes/cases covered so far. A third and final reflection paper, 3 - 5 pages long, is due after the end of the course, and will allow you to reflect on your personal experiences with the entire course content and activities, and include some comments about the implications of these experiences for your learning beyond the course.
A Personal Report on the group assignment is to be submitted by each member of a learning group after the group's assignment has been completed in class. This report (2 - 3 pages long) is intended to allow you to reflect and comment on your personal experiences of participating in the group exercise. For example, you might comment on the following: the group dynamics that were in play during the design, creation, and implementation of the exercise; the part you played in these group dynamics; the personal, interpersonal, and systemic elements that helped and hindered your effectiveness as a group; what you-individually and the group as a whole-could have done differently to improve your effectiveness; and why you think you did not do this.
Both the three reflection papers and the one personal report are intended to develop your ability to become aware of ongoing dynamics, be able to step back and reflect on them, and then potentially use the increased awareness and reflection to change how you think and act. To help you do this, we strongly encourage you to keep a regular journal of your immediate experiences, writing down-on a daily or weekly-basis what you notice is going on in the human systems in which you participate, and what your responses (thoughts, feelings, actions) are to those experiences. This ongoing record will be a great source of data for writing your reflection papers and personal report. Please write these reflection papers and personal report in the first person. We don't want abstractions, theories or conceptualizations that distance you from your own involvement in life. We are looking for your thoughtful descriptions of and reflections on your direct experiences, emotional responses, challenges and dilemmas, and opportunities for learning and acting differently.
Calendar
This course kicks off with a three-day workshop. Following the workshop, we meet once per week for eight weeks.
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DAYS |
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TOPICS |
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ASSIGNMENTS DUE |
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1 |
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Friday-Sunday |
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Workshop Day 1: Enacted Systems-Dynamics
Overview of Workshop.
Introduction to Enacted Systems View of Organizations.
Simulation: Enacting a Production-distribution System.
Simulation Debriefing and Analysis: Personal and Interpersonal.
Grounds for Reflectiveness: Developing a Personal Vision.
Workshop Day 2: Enacted Systems-Sensemaking
Formation of Learning Circles.
Simulation Debriefing and Analysis: Systemic.
Increasing Awareness: Multiple Points of View.
Cultivating Leadership Capability: Making Choices.
Workshop Day 3: Enacted Systems-Change
Learning Circles.
Conditions for Healthy Change: Dialogue.
Course Format, Content, Exercises, and Expectations.
Building Shared Vision. |
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Pre-Workshop Reading
Senge, P. "The Leaders' New Work: Building Learning Organizations." Sloan Management Review 32, 1 (1990): pp. 7-23. |
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2 |
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Friday |
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Change Models
Role of Technology in Change.
Role of "Leaders" in Change.
Readings:
Argyris, C. "Teaching Smart People How to Learn." Harvard Business Review 5, 1991 (reprint 91301).
Orlikowski, W. J. "Learning from Notes." Information Society, 9, 1993, pp.237-250. |
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Reflections Paper 1 (all) |
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3 |
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Friday |
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Social Nature of Knowing
Embodiment Exercise.
Evolution of "Knowledge Management."
Embodiment Exercises Lead by Groups A & B.
Readings:
Brown, J. S., and Duguid, P. "Balancing Act: How to Capture Knowledge Without Killing It." Harvard Business Review 5, 2000 (reprint R00309). |
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Group Assignment (groups A & B) |
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4 |
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Friday |
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Sensemaking and Artifacts
Embodiment Exercise.
Ways of Seeing: Mental Maps.
Embodiment Exercises Lead by Groups C & D.
Readings:
Senge, P. M. "Mental Models." In The Fifth Discipline. New York: Doubleday, 1990, pp. 174-204.
Starbuck, W. H. "Why Organizations Run into Crises... and Sometimes Survive Them." In Information Technology and Management Strategy. Edited by K. C. Laudon and Jon Turner. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1989, pp. 11-33.
Weick, K. E. "Cosmos and Chaos: Sense and Nonsense in Electronic Contexts." Organizational Dynamics. Autumn 1985, pp. 51-64. |
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Group Assignment (groups C & D)
Personal Report (groups A & B) |
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5 |
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Friday |
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Interpersonal Dimensions of Change
Embodiment Exercise.
Collective Leadership in Action.
Guest speaker: Roger Saillant, President & CEO, Plug Power.
Embodiment Exercise Lead by Groups E & F.
Readings:
Isaacs. W. Dialogue: The Art of Thinking Together. New York: Doubleday, 1999: pp. 17-48; 321-335.
Weick, K. E. "Prepare Your Organization to Fight Fires." Harvard Business Review (May-Jun 1996): pp. 143-148 (reprint 96311). |
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Group Assignment (groups E & F)
Personal Report (groups C & D) |
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6 |
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Friday |
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Reflections Paper 2 (all)
Personal Report (groups E & F) |
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7 |
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Friday |
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Creating Space for Change
Embodiment Exercise.
Developing Capacity to Change.
Guest speaker: Molly Baldwin, Executive Director, Roca, Inc.
Embodiment Exercise Lead by Groups G & H.
Readings:
Hotchkiss, M., C. Kelley, R. Ott, and J. F. Elter. "The Lakes Story." Reflections 1, 4 (2000): pp. 24-31.
Scharmer, O., et al. Human Purpose, Institutional Transformation, and the Field of the Future [forthcoming]. Chapter TBA. |
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Group Assignment (groups G & H) |
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8 |
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Friday |
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Course Themes and Reflections
Review of Course Themes, Concepts, Lessons and Implications.
Readings:
Kofman, F., and P. Senge. "Communities of Commitment." Organization Dynamics. Autumn 1993: pp. 5-23.
Senge, P. M. "Leadership in Living Organizations." In Leading Beyond the Walls. Edited by F. Hasselbein, M. Goldsmith, and I. Somerville. The Drucker Foundation, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1999.
Senge, P. M., and G. Carstedt. "Innovating our Way to the Next Industrial Revolution." Sloan Management Review (Jan-Feb 2001). |
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Personal Report (groups G & H) |
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9 |
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Friday |
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Final Reflections Paper (all) |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
The following is a list of readings for this course.
Argyris, C., & Schön, D. Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Reading, Mass: Addison Wesley. 1978.
Isaacs, W. Dialogue and the Art of Thinking Together. New York: Doubleday. 1999.
Schein, E. H. Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. 1997.
Senge, P. M. The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday/Currency. 1990.
Senge, P. M., et. al. The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook: Strategies and Tools for Building a Learning Organization. New York: Doubleday/Currency. 1994.
Senge, P. M., et al. The Dance of Change: The Challenges of Sustaining Momentum in Learning Organizations. New York: Doubleday/Currency. 1999.
Society for Organizational Learning: http://www.sol-ne.org/.
Weick, K. E. Sensemaking in Organizations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 1995.
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