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Abstract/Syllabus:
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Rosenfield, Donald, and Dror Sharon, 15.769 Operations Strategy, Fall 2005. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 10 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA

Workers performing their specific duties in the Cadillac assembly line. (Image courtesy of National Archives and Records Administration.)
Course Highlights
This course features a bibliography for the readings used in the course, as well as selected lecture notes.
Course Description
The class provides a unifying framework for analyzing strategic issues in manufacturing and service operations. Relationships between manufacturing and service companies and their suppliers, customers, and competitors are analyzed. The material also covers decisions in technology, facilities, vertical integration, human resources and other strategic areas. Means of competition such as cost, quality, and innovativeness are explored, together with an approach to make operations decisions in the era of outsourcing and globalization.
Syllabus
This course will address operations strategy by building on the concepts of (1) reengineering and process design developed by Dr. Michael Hammer, (2) manufacturing strategy as developed in the literature, primarily by people at Harvard Business School, and (3) supply chain design and 3-D concurrent engineering literature as developed in Charles Fine’s book, Clockspeed: Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage, Perseus Books, 1999.
The concepts there emphasize the necessity of integrating product strategy, manufacturing strategy, and supply chain strategy. As a result, each of these will be touched upon in the course.
Operations strategy typically examines how manufacturing and operations can be used as sources of competitive advantage. The old view of operations management as the task of maintaining a comparatively static production or service facility has given way to one characterized by a need for renewed flexibility, relentless improvement, and the development of new capabilities at the operating unit level. As the global curtain draws back to expose more and more operations to the mounting pressures of worldwide competition, there are fewer places for laggard operations to hide. The context in which the operations manager now works - a global context facilitated by a high degree of electronic interconnectedness - has changed to one that emphasizes innovative system design and dramatic operations improvement over simple administration.
As a result of this changing environment, the skills required of operations managers have changed as well. The tools of control are now overshadowed by the tools of systems design and operations improvement. Few operations exist today in which information technology (IT) does not play a central role.
In the domain of supply chains, the winds of change are also relentless. In many companies, supply chain decisions were once the domain of procurement managers, many of whom presided of the "intellectual ghettoes" of their companies. Today one need look no further than the remarkable impact of the supply chain design that IBM chose for its first personal computer two decades ago to understand that supply chain design is not a competency to be left to dullards. In fact, if one views supply chain design as the competency of assessing all other capabilities in the value chain -- making choices about which capabilities should be invested in, which should be outsourced, etc. -- then one might argue that supply chain design is the most important competency in the entire organization. (See Clockspeed, Chapter 5.)
This course takes the perspective that supply chain design can have this kind of impact and then attempts to understand how supply chain design considerations should interact with many other organizational functions, such as product design, operations strategy, logistics, business strategy, etc.
Grading and Class Project
The course will use readings, cases, and class discussions to build understanding of these issues. Course requirements are to show up prepared for class, to contribute to class discussion, and to work in a group to develop and deliver (paper and presentation) a class session on a topic related to the course. Course grades will be assigned by weighting class participation 50% and the group project 50%.
The class project will require a group paper (.doc file) and presentation (.ppt file) at the end of the term. Ideally we would like to find a day when we could devote a day (perhaps offsite) to do this (partly in exchange for canceling several classes during the term). This mode was used effectively in Spring 2002.
Finally, we will devote a day in class where when each student/group will give a one-slide presentation on project ideas. More will be said on this in class.
Calendar
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CLASS # |
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TOPICS |
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1 |
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Introduction to Operations Strategy |
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2 |
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Process Concepts |
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3 |
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Process Redesign Techniques |
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Process Redesign Techniques (continued) |
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5 |
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Idea Marketplace |
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6 |
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Process Identification and Modeling |
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7 |
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Introduction to Clockspeed |
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8 |
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Supply Chain Dynamics/3-DCE |
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9 |
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Clockspeed Concepts (continued) |
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10 |
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Process Enterprises |
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11 |
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Leading Process Redesign |
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12 |
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Process Redesign Methodology |
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13 |
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Process Implementation |
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14 |
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Clockspeed Concepts (continued) |
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15 |
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Strategic Positioning |
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16 |
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Operations Measurement & Improvement |
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17 |
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Operations Measurement & Improvement (continued) |
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18 |
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Supplier Relations |
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19 |
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Capabilities Choice |
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20 |
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Product Process & Supply Chain Design |
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21 |
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Standardizing Operations |
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22 |
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Capabilities Strategy |
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Further Reading:
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Readings
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CLASS # |
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TOPICS |
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READINGS |
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1 |
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Introduction to Operations Strategy |
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2 |
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Process Concepts |
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Hammer, Michael. The Agenda. Crown Business, 2001. Chapters 1 and 5.
Hammer, Michael. Reengineering Work: Don't Automate, Obliterate. Chap. 1 in The Reengineering Revolution, Harvard Business Review, July/August 1990. |
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3 |
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Process Redesign Techniques |
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Pacific Bell, Siemens Rolm Communications, Bank of America. Order Management at Heatway Cases.
Hammer, Michael and Steven Stanton. The Reengineering Revolution. HarperBusiness, 1995. Chapters 1 and 7.
Hammer, Michael. The Agenda. Crown Business, 2001. Chapter 5.
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4 |
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Process Redesign Techniques (continued) |
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Pacific Bell, Siemens Rolm Communications, Bank of America. Order Management at Heatway Cases.
Hammer, Michael and Steven Stanton. The Reengineering Revolution. HarperBusiness, 1995. Chapters 1 and 7.
Hammer, Michael. The Agenda. Crown Business, 2001. Chapter 5.
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5 |
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Idea Marketplace |
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6 |
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Process Identification and Modeling |
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Texas Instruments Process Model.
Hammer, Michael. The Agenda. Crown Business, 2001. Chapter 6.
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7 |
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Introduction to Clockspeed
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Fine, Charles. Clockspeed: Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage. Perseus Books, 1998. Chapters 1, 12, Epilog.
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8 |
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Supply Chain Dynamics/3-DCE |
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Fine, Charles. Clockspeed: Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage. Perseus Books, 1998. Chapters 2-7.
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9 |
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Clockspeed Concepts (continued) |
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Fine, Charles. Clockspeed: Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage. Perseus Books, 1998. Chapters 8-11. |
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10 |
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Process Enterprises |
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Hammer, Michael and S. Stanton. "How Process Enterprises Really Work in The Agenda." Harvard Business Review (November/December 1999).
Majchrzak, A., and Q. Wang. Breaking the Functional Mind-set in Process Organizations. Chapters 4 and 7 in The Agenda. Harvard Business Review (September/October 1996). |
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11 |
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Leading Process Redesign |
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Hammer, Michael and Steven Stanton. The Reengineering Revolution. HarperBusiness, 1995. Chapters 3, 6, 8 and 10. |
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12 |
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Process Redesign Methodology |
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Davenport, Reengineering a Business Process in Hammer, Michael and Steven Stanton. The Reengineering Revolution. HarperBusiness, 1995. Chapters 2 and 4. |
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13 |
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Process Implementation |
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Pacific Bell, Siemens Rolm Communications. Order Management at Heatway Cases.
Hammer, Michael and Steven Stanton. The Reengineering Revolution. HarperBusiness, 1995. Chapters 13, 14 and 17.
Hammer, Michael. The Agenda. Crown Business, 2001. Chapter 11.
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14 |
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Clockspeed Concepts (continued) |
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Read: Moving a Slow-Clockspeed Business into the Fast Lane: Strategic Sourcing Lessons from Value Chain Redesign in the Automotive Industry.
This is a version of the SMR 2002 paper on Value Chain Design.
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15 |
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Strategic Positioning |
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American Connector Company Case.
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16 |
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Operations Measurement & Improvement |
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TQM & Measurement Systems Case: Kaplan, Robert S. Texas Eastman Co. HBS Case No. 9-190-039. Boston: Harvard Business School, 1993.
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17 |
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Operations Measurement & Improvement (continued) |
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Gendron, Marie. Using the Balanced Scorecard. Boston: Harvard Management Update, October 1, 1997.
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18 |
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Supplier Relations |
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Hayes, Robert H. and Gita Mathur. Intel-Ped (A). HBS Case No. 9-693-056. Boston: Harvard Business School, 1994.
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19 |
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Capabilities Choice |
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Capabilities Management Case: Pisano, Gary P. Nucleon, Inc. HBS Case No. 9-692-041. Boston: Harvard Business School, 1994.
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20 |
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Product Process & Supply Chain Design |
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Pisano, Gary P. BMW: The 7-Series Project (A). HBS Case No. 9-692-083. Boston: Harvard Business School, 2002.
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21 |
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Standardizing Operations |
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Pisano, Gary P. and Sharon Rossi. ITT Automotive: Global Manufacturing Strategy - 1994. HBS Case No. 9-695-002. Boston: Harvard Business School, 2001.
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22 |
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Capabilities Strategy |
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Pisano, Gary P. CIBA Vision: The Daily Disposable Lens Project (A). HBS Case No. 9-696-100. Boston: Harvard Business School, 2002.
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Study Materials
Books that address various aspects of the topic include:
Fine, Charles H. Clockspeed: Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage. Perseus Books, 1998.
Hammer, Michael. The Agenda. Crown Business, 2001.
Hammer, Michael, and Steven Stanton. The Reengineering Revolution. HarperBusiness, 1995.
Hayes, Robert H., Gary P. Pisano, and David M. Upton. Strategic Operations: Competing through Capabilities. Harvard Business School, 1996.
Etienne-Hamilton, E. C. Operations Strategies for Competitive Advantage: Text and Cases. Dryden Press, 1994.
Hill, Terry, Richard D. Irwin. Manufacturing Strategy: Text and Cases. 1994.
Pine II, Joseph B. Mass Customization: The New Frontier in Business Competition. Harvard Business School Press, 1993.
Garvin, David A. Operations Strategy: Text and Cases. Prentice-Hall Inc., 1992.
Womack, James P., Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos. The Machine that Changed the World: The Story of Lean Production. Rawson Associates, 1990.
Klein, Janice A. Revitalizing Manufacturing: Text and Cases. Irwin, 1990.
Dertouzos, Michael L., Richard K. Lester, and Robert M. Solow. Made In America: Regaining the Productive Edge. MIT Press, 1989.
Hayes, Robert H., Steven C. Wheelwright, and Kim B. Clark. Dynamic Manufacturing: Creating the Learning Organization. The Free Press, 1988.
Cohen, Stephen S., and John Zysman. Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy. Basic Books, 1987.
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